Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 5.40

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5.40.1

योऽभ्यर्चितः मद्भिरसञ्जमानः ।
करोत्यर्थं शक्तिमहापयित्वा।
क्षिप्रं यशस्तं समुपैति मन्त-
मलं प्रसन्ना हि सुखाय सन्तः ॥ ५.४०.१ ॥

He who, honored by the wise, unattached, does his task without diminishing his strength, quickly attains fame; for the serene good are indeed enough for happiness.

5.40.2

महान्तमप्यर्थमधर्मयुक्तं ।
यः मन्त्यजत्यनपाकृष्ट एव।
सुखं सुदुःखान्यवमुच्य शेते ।
जीर्णां त्वचं सर्प इवावमुच्य ॥ ५.४०.२ ॥

He who abandons even great wealth joined with unrighteousness, before being dragged away from it, rests in happiness, having cast off great sorrows, as a snake casts off its worn-out skin.

5.40.3

अनृते च समुत्कर्पो राजगामि च पैशुनम् ।
गुरोश्चालीकनिर्बन्धः समानि ब्रह्महत्यया ॥ ५.४०.३ ॥

Pride in falsehood, slander that leads to the king, and insistence on falsehood toward one's teacher are all equal to the slaying of a Brahmin.

5.40.4

असूयैकपदं मृत्युरतिवादः श्रियो वधः ।
अशुश्रूषा त्वरा श्लाघा विद्यायाः शत्रवस्त्रः ॥ ५.४०.४ ॥

Envy is one step toward death; excessive talk is the ruin of prosperity; unwillingness to serve, haste, and self-praise are the enemies of learning.

5.40.5

आलस्यं मदमोहौ च चापलं गोष्ठिरेव च ।
स्तब्धता चाभिमानित्वं तथा त्यागित्वमेव च ।
एते वै सप्त दोषाः स्युः सदा विद्यार्थिनां मताः ॥ ५.४०.५ ॥

Laziness, intoxication and delusion, fickleness, the gathering of idle talk, rigidity, arrogance and conceit, and likewise indiscriminate giving away—these seven faults are always held to belong to those who seek learning.

5.40.6

सुखार्थिनः कुतो विद्या नास्ति विद्यार्थिनः सुखं ।
सुखार्थी वा त्यजेद्विद्यां विद्यार्थी वा त्यजेत्सुखम् ॥ ५.४०.६ ॥

How can one who seeks pleasure have learning? One who seeks learning has no pleasure. Let the seeker of pleasure give up learning, or let the seeker of learning give up pleasure.

5.40.7

नाग्निस्तृप्यति काष्ठानां नापगानां महोदधिः ।
नान्तकः सर्वभूतानां न पुंसां वामलोचना ॥ ५.४०.७ ॥

Fire is not satisfied with firewood, nor the great ocean with rivers; nor is Death satisfied with all beings, nor men with a woman of lovely eyes.

5.40.8

आशा धृतिं हन्ति समृद्धिमन्तकः ।
क्रोधः श्रियं हन्ति यशः कदर्यता ।
अपालनं हन्ति पशूंश्च राज-
न्नेकः क्रुद्धो ब्राह्मणो हन्ति राष्ट्रम् ॥ ५.४०.८ ॥

Hope destroys steadfastness, death destroys prosperity. Anger destroys fortune, meanness destroys fame. Failure to protect destroys cattle, O king; and a single angry brahmin destroys the kingdom.

5.40.9

अजाश्च कांस्यं रजतं च नित्यं ।
मध्वाकर्षः शकुनिः श्रोत्रियश्च ।
वृद्धो ज्ञातिरवसन्नः कुलीन ।
एतानि ते सन्तु गृहे सदैव ॥ ५.४०.९ ॥

Goats, bronze, and silver always; the honey-gatherer, the bird, the learned Vedic brahmin, the elder, the afflicted kinsman, and the man of noble family — let all these always be in your house.

5.40.10

अजोक्षा चन्दनं वीणा आदर्शो मधुसर्पिषी ।
विषमौदुम्बरं शङ्खः स्वर्णनाभोऽथ रोचना ॥ ५.४०.१० ॥

Goat and bull, sandalwood, the lute, a mirror, honey and clarified butter, the uneven udumbara wood, a conch shell, the gold-navelled one, and rocanā (yellow pigment).

5.40.11

गृहे स्थापयितव्यानि धन्यानि मनुरब्रवीत् ।
देवब्राह्मणपूजार्थमतिथीनां च भारत ॥ ५.४०.११ ॥

Manu declared that auspicious things are to be kept in the house, for the worship of gods and brahmins, and for guests, O descendant of Bharata.

5.40.12

इदं च त्वां सर्वपरं ब्रवीमि ।
पुण्यं पदं तात महाविशिष्टम्।
न जातु कामान्न भयान्न लोभा-
द्धर्मं जह्याज्जीविस्यापि हेतोः ॥ ५.४०.१२ ॥

I tell you this, which is supreme above all: dear one, this is the great and most excellent station of merit—one should never abandon dharma out of desire, out of fear, or out of greed, not even for the sake of life.

5.40.13

नित्यो धर्मः सुखदुःखे त्वनित्ये ।
जीवो नित्यो धातुरस्य त्वनित्यः।
त्यक्त्वाऽनित्यं प्रतितिष्ठस्व नित्ये ।
संतुष्य सन्तोषपरा हि सन्तः ॥ ५.४०.१३ ॥

Dharma is eternal; pleasure and pain are impermanent. The living self is eternal, but the elements of this body are impermanent. Abandon the impermanent and stand firm in the eternal, for the wise, intent on contentment, are truly content.

5.40.14

महाबलान्पश्य महानुभावान् ।
प्रशास्य भूमिं धनधान्यपूर्णाम्।
राज्यानि हित्वा विपुलांश्च भोगान् ।
गतान्नरेन्द्रान्वशमन्तकस्य ॥ ५.४०.१४ ॥

Behold those mighty and majestic kings who ruled the earth, full of wealth and grain. Having left behind vast kingdoms and abundant enjoyments, they have gone under the power of the Ender, Death.

5.40.15

मृतं पुत्रं दुःखपुष्टं मनुष्या ।
उत्क्षिप्य राजन्स्वगृहान्निर्हरन्ति।
तं मुक्तकेशाः करुणं रुदन्ति ।
चितामध्ये काष्ठमिव क्षिपन्ति ॥ ५.४०.१५ ॥

O king, people lift up their dead son, nursed in sorrow, and carry him out of their house. With loosened hair, weeping piteously, they cast him into the midst of the pyre like a piece of wood.

5.40.16

अन्यो धनं प्रेतगतस्य भुङ्क्ते ।
वयांसि चाग्निश्च शरीरधातून्।
द्वाभ्यामयं सह गच्छत्यमुत्र ।
पुण्येन पापेन च वेष्ट्यमानः ॥ ५.४०.१६ ॥

Another enjoys the wealth of one who has gone to the realm of the dead. Birds and fire take the elements of his body. Bound by merit and by demerit, this one goes to the other world together with those two.

5.40.17

उसृज्य विनिवर्तन्ते ज्ञातयः सुहृदः सुताः ।
अपुष्पानफलान्वृक्षान्यथा तात पतत्रिणः ॥ ५.४०.१७ ॥

Having abandoned him, kinsmen, friends and sons turn back, dear one, as birds leave trees that have no flowers and no fruit.

5.40.18

अग्नौ प्रास्तं तु पुरुषं कर्मान्वेति स्वयं कृतम् ।
तस्मात्तु पुरुषो यत्नाद्धर्मं सञ्चिनुयाच्छनैः ॥ ५.४०.१८ ॥

Only the deed a man himself has done follows him when he is cast into the fire. Therefore a man should gather dharma gradually, with effort.

5.40.19

अस्माल्लोकादूर्ध्वममुष्य चाधो ।
महत्तमस्तिष्ठति ह्यन्धकारम्।
तद्वै महामोहनमिन्द्रियाणां ।
बुद्ध्यस्व मा त्वां प्रलभेत राजन् ॥ ५.४०.१९ ॥

Above this world and below that one stands a great darkness, which greatly bewilders the senses. Understand it, O king, lest it deceive you.

5.40.20

इदं वचः शक्ष्यसि चेद्यथाव-
न्निशम्य सर्वं प्रतिपत्तुमेव।
यशः परं प्राप्स्यसि जीवलोके ।
भयं नचामुत्र नचेह तेऽस्ति ॥ ५.४०.२० ॥

If you are able to hear this word rightly and grasp it all, you will obtain supreme fame in the world of the living; for you there will be no fear either here or in the other world.

5.40.21

आत्मा नदी भारत पुण्यतीर्था ।
सत्योदया धृतिकूला दयोर्मिः।
तस्यां स्नातः पूयते पुण्यकर्मा ।
पुण्यो ह्यात्मा नित्यमलोभ एव ॥ ५.४०.२१ ॥

O Bhārata, the self is a river with sacred fords; truth is its source, steadfastness its banks, compassion its waves. One who bathes in it, a doer of meritorious deeds, is purified, for the self is always pure and free from greed.

5.40.22

कामक्रोधग्राहवतीं पञ्चेन्द्रियजलां नदीम् ।
नावं धृतिमयीं कृत्वा जन्मदुर्गाणि संतर ॥ ५.४०.२२ ॥

Having made a boat of steadfastness, cross the river full of crocodiles of desire and anger, with the water of the five senses; cross over the fortresses of birth.

5.40.23

प्रज्ञावृद्धं धर्मवृद्धं स्वबन्धुं ।
विद्यावृद्धं वयसा चापि वृद्धम् ।
कार्याकार्ये पूजयित्वा प्रसाद्य ।
यः संपृच्छेन्न स मुह्येत्कदाचित् ॥ ५.४०.२३ ॥

He who, after honoring and pleasing his kinsmen who are elders in wisdom, in dharma, in learning, and in years, consults them about what is to be done and not done, will never be bewildered.

5.40.24

धृत्या शिश्रोदरं रक्षेत्पाणिपादं च चक्षुषा ।
चक्षुःश्रोत्रे च मनसा मनो वाचं च कर्मणा ॥ ५.४०.२४ ॥

By steadfastness one should guard the genitals and the belly; by the eye, the hands and feet; by the mind, the eyes and ears; by action, the mind and speech.

5.40.25

नित्योदकी नित्ययज्ञोपवीती ।
नित्यस्वाध्यायी पतितान्नवर्जी ।
सत्यं ब्रुवन्गुरवे कर्म कुर्व-
न्न ब्राह्मणश्र्यवते ब्रह्मलोकात् ॥ ५.४०.२५ ॥

The brahmin who makes daily water-offerings, always wears the sacred thread, studies the Veda daily, shuns food from fallen men, speaks the truth, and performs his duty for his teacher does not fall from the world of Brahmā.

5.40.26

अधीत्य वेदान्परिसंस्तीर्य चाग्नी-
निष्ट्वा यज्ञैः पालयित्वा प्रजाश्च।
गोब्रह्मणार्थं शस्त्रपूतान्तरात्मा ।
हतः सङ्ग्रामे क्षत्रियः स्वर्गमेति ॥ ५.४०.२६ ॥

Having studied the Vedas, having spread the sacred grass around the fires, having worshipped with sacrifices and protected the subjects, the kshatriya whose inner self is purified by weapons, slain in battle for the sake of cows and brahmins, goes to heaven.