Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 5.44
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5.44.1
सनत्सुजात यामिमां परां त्वं ।
ब्राह्मीं वाचं वदसे विश्वरूपाम्।
परां हि कामेन सुदुर्लभां कथां ।
प्रब्रूहि मे वाक्यमिदं कुमार । ॥ ५.४४.१ ॥
O Sanatsujāta, tell me this supreme, brahman-born and many-formed discourse that you speak, a tale very hard to obtain even by desire. O young prince, explain these words to me.
5.44.2
नैतद्ब्रह्म त्वरमाणेन लभ्यं ।
यन्मां पृच्छन्नतिहृष्यस्यतीव।
बुद्धौ विलीने मनसि प्रचिन्त्य ।
विद्या हि सा ब्रह्मचर्येण लभ्या ॥ ५.४४.२ ॥
This brahman is not attained by one who is hasty; you rejoice exceedingly while questioning me. Only when the intellect is dissolved into the mind and one has reflected well is that knowledge obtained through chaste study.
5.44.3
अत्यन्तविद्यामिति यत्सनातनीं ।
ब्रवीषि त्वं ब्रह्मचर्येण सिद्धाम्।
अनारभ्यां वसतीह कार्यकाले ।
कथं ब्राह्मण्यममृतत्वं लभेत ॥ ५.४४.३ ॥
You speak of this eternal, supreme knowledge, accomplished through chaste study, yet at the time of action it remains here unbegun. How then can brahminhood and immortality be obtained?
5.44.4
अव्यक्तविद्यामभिधास्ये पराणीं ।
बुद्ध्या च तेषां ब्रह्मचर्येण सिद्धाम्।
यां प्राप्यैनं मर्त्यलोकं त्यजन्ति ।
या वै विद्या गुरुवृद्धेषु नित्या ॥ ५.४४.४ ॥
I shall explain the unmanifest, supreme knowledge, accomplished by the intellect and their chaste study, which having attained, people leave this mortal world. That knowledge is eternal among teachers and elders.
5.44.5
ब्रह्मचर्येण या विद्या शक्या वेदितुमञ्चसा ।
तत्कथं ब्रह्मचर्यं स्यादेतद्ब्रह्मन्ब्रवीहि मे ॥ ५.४४.५ ॥
How is that knowledge, which can readily be known through celibate discipline, the same as celibate discipline itself? O brahmin, tell me this.
5.44.6
आचार्ययोनिमिह ये प्रविश्य ।
भूत्वा गर्भे ब्रह्मचर्यं चरन्ति।
इहैव ते शास्त्रकारा भवन्ति ।
प्रहाय देहं परमं यान्ति योगम् ॥ ५.४४.६ ॥
Those who, having entered the womb of the teacher here and having become as if in the womb, practise celibate discipline, become authors of treatises right here; having abandoned the body, they attain the supreme union.
5.44.7
अस्मिँल्लोके वै जयन्तीह कामा-
न्ब्राह्मीं स्थितिं ह्यनुतितिक्षमाणाः।
त आत्मानं निर्हरन्तीह देहा-
न्मुञ्जादिषीकामिव सत्वसंस्थाः ॥ ५.४४.७ ॥
In this world they conquer desires, patiently enduring the state of Brahman; abiding in goodness, they here draw the self out of the body as one draws a reed of muñja grass.
5.44.8
शरीरमेतौ कुरुतः पिता माता च भारत ।
आचार्यशास्ता या जातिः सा पुण्या साऽऽजराऽमम ॥ ५.४४.८ ॥
O Bhārata, father and mother make these two bodies; the birth given by the teacher and instructor is holy, undecaying, and unchanging.
5.44.9
यः प्रावृणोत्यवितथेन वर्णा-
नृतं कुर्वन्नमृतं संप्रयच्छम्।
तं मन्येत पितरं मातरं च ।
तस्मै न द्रुह्येत्कतमस्य जानन् ॥ ५.४४.९ ॥
He who truly covers the classes, who acts in truth and bestows immortality, should be regarded as father and mother; knowing this, one should not injure him in any way.
5.44.10
गुरुं शिष्यो नित्यमभिवादयीत ।
स्वाध्यायमिच्छेच्छुचिरप्रमत्तः।
मानं न कुर्यान्नादधीत रोप-
मेप प्रथमो ब्रह्मचर्यस्य पादः ॥ ५.४४.१० ॥
A student should always greet his teacher respectfully. Pure and heedful, he should desire to study the Veda. He should not be proud, nor hold on to anger. This is the first quarter of the vow of celibate study.
5.44.11
शिष्यवृत्तिक्रमेणैव विद्यामाप्नोति यः शुचिः ।
ब्रह्मचर्यव्रतस्यास्य प्रथमः पाद उच्यते ॥ ५.४४.११ ॥
He who, being pure, obtains knowledge by the proper manner of a student's conduct, is said to be the first quarter of this vow of celibate study.
5.44.12
आचार्यस्य प्रियं कुर्यात्प्राणैरपि धनैरपि ।
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा द्वितीयः पाद उच्यते ॥ ५.४४.१२ ॥
One should do what is dear to the teacher, even with one's life and wealth. Doing so by deed, mind and speech is called the second quarter.
5.44.13
समा गुरौ यथा वृत्तिर्गरुपत्न्यां तथा चरेत् ।
तत्पुत्रे च तथा कुर्वन्द्वितीयः पाद उच्यते ॥ ५.४४.१३ ॥
As one conducts oneself toward the teacher, so should one conduct oneself toward the teacher's wife; doing likewise toward his son is called the second quarter.
5.44.14
आचार्येणात्मकृतं विजानन् ।
ज्ञात्वा चार्थं भावितोऽस्मीत्यनेन ।
यन्मन्यते तं प्रति हृष्टबुद्धिः ।
स वै तृतीयो ब्रह्मचर्यस्य पादः ॥ ५.४४.१४ ॥
Knowing the service the teacher has done, understanding its meaning, and thinking 'by this I have been cultivated,' one who with a gladdened mind holds his thoughts toward him: that indeed is the third quarter of brahmacarya.
5.44.15
नाचार्यस्यानपाकृत्य प्रवासं ।
प्राज्ञः कुर्वीत नैतदहं करोमि।
इतीव मन्येत न भाषयेत ।
स वै चतुर्थो ब्रह्मचर्यस्य पादः ॥ ५.४४.१५ ॥
Without having turned away from the teacher, a wise student should not dwell abroad; he should not do so. Even thinking 'I do not do this,' he should not speak it. This indeed is the fourth quarter of celibate studentship.
5.44.16
कालेन पादं लभते तथार्थं ।
ततश्च पादं गुरुयोगतश्च।
उत्साहयोगेन च पादमृच्छे-
च्छास्त्रेण पादं च ततोऽभियाति ॥ ५.४४.१६ ॥
In time he obtains one quarter, and likewise wealth; then through union with the teacher another quarter, through union with effort a quarter, and through the scripture a quarter; and thereafter he goes forward.
5.44.17
धर्मादयो द्वादश यस्य रूप-
मन्यानि चाङ्गानि तथा बलं च।
आचार्ययोगे फलतीति चाहु-
र्ब्रह्मार्थयोगेन च ब्रह्मचर्यम् ॥ ५.४४.१७ ॥
Dharma and the other twelve are its form, and the other limbs and strength as well; they say it bears fruit through union with the teacher, and celibate studentship through union with the sacred aim.
5.44.18
एवं प्रवृत्तो यदुपालभेत वै ।
धनमाचार्याय तदनुप्रयच्छेत्।
स तां वृत्तिं बहुगुणामेवमेति ।
गुरोः पुत्रे भवति च वृत्तिरेषा ॥ ५.४४.१८ ॥
If, thus engaged, he should reproach the teacher, he should give that wealth to the teacher himself. In this way he attains that conduct of many virtues; and this is the conduct toward the teacher's son as well.
5.44.19
एवं वसन्सर्वतो वर्धतीह ।
बहून्पुत्रांल्लभते च प्रतिष्ठाम्।
वर्षन्ति चास्मै प्रदिशो दिशश्च ।
वसत्यस्मिन्ब्रह्मचर्ये जनाश्च ॥ ५.४४.१९ ॥
Dwelling thus, he grows in every way here, and obtains many sons and a firm standing. For him the quarters and the intermediate directions rain down; and people too dwell in this celibate studentship.
5.44.20
एतेन ब्रह्मंचर्येण देवा देवत्वमाप्नुवन् ।
ऋषयश्च महाभागा ब्रह्मलोकं मनीषिणः ॥ ५.४४.२० ॥
By this very celibate discipline the gods attained godhood, and the greatly fortunate sages and thinkers reached the world of Brahmā.
5.44.21
गन्धर्वाणामनेनैव रूपमप्सरसमभूत् ।
एतेन ब्रह्मचर्येण सूर्योऽप्यह्नाय जायते ॥ ५.४४.२१ ॥
By this very discipline the gandharvas took the form of apsarases; and by this celibate discipline the sun too is born for the day.
5.44.22
आकाङ्क्ष्यार्थस्य संयोगाद्रसभेदार्थिनामिव ।
एवं ह्येते समाज्ञाय तादृग्भावं गता इमे ॥ ५.४४.२२ ॥
As those who seek varied flavors are satisfied by the union with their aim, so these, having fully understood this, have attained such a state.
5.44.23
य आश्रयेत्पावयेच्चापि राज-
न्सर्वं शरीरं तपसा तप्यमानः।
एतेन वै बाल्यमभ्येति विद्वान् ।
मृत्युं तथा स जयत्यन्तकाले ॥ ५.४४.२३ ॥
O king, the wise man who resorts to this and purifies his entire body through austerity, by this very means returns to childhood, and in the final hour likewise conquers death.
5.44.24
अन्तवतः क्षत्रिय ते जयन्ति ।
लोकाञ्जनाः कर्मणा निर्मलेन ।
ब्रह्मैव विद्वांस्तेन चाभ्येति सर्वं ।
नान्यः पन्था अयनाथ विद्यते ॥ ५.४४.२४ ॥
O kshatriya, people conquer the perishable worlds; by pure action the learned man attains Brahman alone, and through it attains all; there is no other path for going forth.
5.44.25
आभाति शुक्लमिव लोहितमि-
वाथो कृष्णमथाञ्जनं काद्रवं वा।
सद्ब्रह्मणः पश्यति योऽत्र विद्वा-
न्कथं रूपं तदमृतमक्षरं पदम् ॥ ५.४४.२५ ॥
Here, the learned man who sees the true Brahman, how does he know the form of that immortal, imperishable state, which appears white or red, or black like collyrium or tawny?
5.44.26
आभाति शुक्लमिव लोहितमि-
वाथो कृष्णमायसमर्कवर्णम्।
न पृथिव्यां तिष्ठति नान्तरिक्षे ।
नैतत्समुद्रे सलिलं बिभर्ति ॥ ५.४४.२६ ॥
It appears like white, like red, or black, iron-coloured, sun-hued; it does not stand on the earth, nor in the atmosphere; nor does it hold the water of the ocean.
5.44.27
न तारकासु न च विद्युदाश्रितं ।
न चाभ्रेषु दृश्यते रूपमस्य।
न चापि वायौ न च देवतासु ।
नैतच्चन्द्रे दृश्यते नोत सूर्ये ॥ ५.४४.२७ ॥
Not in the stars, nor dwelling in lightning; nor is its form seen in the clouds; not in the wind, nor in the gods; it is not seen in the moon, nor in the sun.
5.44.28
नैवर्क्षु तन्न यजुष्षु नाप्यथर्वसु ।
न दृश्यते वै विमलेषु सामसु।
रथन्तरे बार्हद्रथे वापि राज-
न्महाव्रते नैव दृश्येद्भ्रुवं तत् ॥ ५.४४.२८ ॥
It is not seen in the Ṛg verses, nor in the Yajus, nor even in the Atharva; indeed it is not seen in the pure Sāman verses. O king, it is surely not seen even in the Rathantara, the Bārhadratha, or the Mahāvrata.
5.44.29
अपारणीयं तमसः परस्ता-
त्तदन्तकोऽप्येति विनाशकाले।
अणीयो रूपं क्षुरधारया समं ।
महच्च रूपं तद्वै पर्वतेभ्यः ॥ ५.४४.२९ ॥
It is beyond darkness, hard to cross; even Death approaches it at the time of destruction. Its form is subtler than the subtlest, like the edge of a razor; and that form is greater than the mountains.
5.44.30
सा प्रतिष्ठा तदमृतं लोकास्तद्ब्रह्म तद्यशः ।
भूतानि जझिरे तस्मात्प्रलयं यान्ति तत्र हि ॥ ५.४४.३० ॥
That is the foundation, that is the immortal; those are the worlds; that is Brahman, that is glory. Beings were born from it, and into it they go at dissolution.
5.44.31
अनामयं तन्महदुद्यतं यशो ।
वाचो विकारं कवयो वदन्ति।
यस्मिञ्जगत्सर्वमिदं प्रतिष्ठितं ।
ये तद्विदुरमृतास्ते भवन्ति ॥ ५.४४.३१ ॥
That is the faultless, great, and exalted glory, which the seers call a modification of speech. Those who know that in which this whole world is established become immortal.
5.44.32
तदेतदह्ना संस्थितं भाति सर्वं ।
तदात्मवित्पश्यति ज्ञानयोगात्।
तस्मिञ्जगत्सर्वमिदं प्रतिष्ठितं ।
ये तद्विदुरमृतास्ते भवन्ति ॥ ५.४४.३२ ॥
That, established in the light of day, shines forth as all things. The knower of the self sees it through the yoga of knowledge. Those who know that in which this whole world is established become immortal.