Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 5.45
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5.45.1
शोकः क्रोधश्च लोभश्च कामो मानः परासुता ।
ईर्ष्या मोहो विवित्सा च कृपाऽसूया जुगुप्सुता ॥ ५.४५.१ ॥
Grief, anger, greed, desire, pride, malice toward the lives of others, envy, delusion, inquisitive craving, pity, fault-finding and contempt.
5.45.2
द्वादशैते महादोषा मनुष्यप्राणनाशनाः ।
एकैकमेते राजेन्द्र मनुष्यान्पर्युपासते।
यौराविष्टो नरः पापं मूढसंज्ञो व्यवस्यति ॥ ५.४५.२ ॥
These twelve great faults destroy the life-breath of men. O lord of kings, they seize men one by one, and a man possessed by them, bewildered in mind, resolves upon evil.
5.45.3
स्पृहयालुरुग्रः परुषो वा वदान्यः ।
क्रोधं बिभ्रन्मनसा वै विकत्थी।
नृशंसधर्माः षडिमे जना वै ।
प्राप्याप्यर्थं नोत सभाजयन्ते ॥ ५.४५.३ ॥
The covetous, the fierce, the harsh or the generous, one who bears anger in his mind, and the boaster — these six are cruel by nature. Even when they obtain wealth, they do not honour others.
5.45.4
संभोगसंविद्विषमोऽतिमानी ।
दत्त्वा विकत्थी कृपणो दुर्बलश्च।
बहुप्रशंकसी वनिताद्विट् सदैव ।
सप्तैवोक्ताः पापशीला नृशंसाः ॥ ५.४५.४ ॥
The unjust in enjoyment, the excessively proud, the one who boasts even after giving, the miserly and weak, the one who seeks much praise, and the one who is always hostile to women — these seven alone are declared to be of evil conduct and cruel.
5.45.5
धर्मश्च सत्यं च तपो दमश्च ।
अमात्सर्यं ह्रीस्तितिक्षानसूया।
दानं श्रुतं चैव धृतिः क्षमा च ।
महाव्रता द्वादश ब्राह्मणस्य ॥ ५.४५.५ ॥
Righteousness, truth, austerity, self-restraint, freedom from envy, modesty, forbearance, freedom from fault-finding, giving, learning, steadfastness and patience — these are the twelve great vows of a brahmin.
5.45.6
यो नैतेभ्यः प्रच्यवेद्द्वादशभ्यः ।
सर्वामपीमां पृथिवीं स शिष्यात्।
त्रिभिर्द्वाभ्यामेकतो वार्थितो यो ।
नास्य स्वमस्तीति च वेदितव्यम् ॥ ५.४५.६ ॥
He who does not fall away from these twelve could rule this whole earth. One who is asked by three, by two, or by one alone should be known to have nothing of his own.
5.45.7
दमस्त्यागोऽथाप्रमाद इत्येतेष्वमृतं स्थितम् ।
एतानि ब्रह्ममुख्यानां ब्राह्मणानां मनीषिणाम् ॥ ५.४५.७ ॥
Self-restraint, renunciation, and vigilance—in these abides nectar. These are the qualities of the brahmins who are foremost in Brahman, the wise ones.
5.45.8
सद्वाऽसद्वा परीवादे ब्राह्मणस्य न शस्यते ।
नरकप्रतिष्ठास्ते स्युर्य एवं कुरुते जनाः ॥ ५.४५.८ ॥
Whether true or false, speech in slander of a brahmin is not praised. People who act thus will be established in hell.
5.45.9
मदोऽष्टादशदोषः स स्यात्पुरा योऽप्रकीर्तितः ।
लोकद्वेष्यं प्रतिकूल्यमभ्यसूया मृषावचः ॥ ५.४५.९ ॥
Pride has eighteen faults, which were not declared before: hatred of the world, opposition, envy, and false speech.
5.45.10
कामक्रोधौ पारतन्त्र्यं परिवादोऽथ पैशुनम् ।
अर्थहानिर्विवादश्च मात्सर्यं प्राणिपीडनम् ॥ ५.४५.१० ॥
Desire and anger, dependence, slander and backbiting, loss of wealth and quarrel, jealousy, and the harming of living beings.
5.45.11
ईर्ष्या मोदोऽतिवादश्च संज्ञानाशोऽभ्यसूयिता ।
तस्मात्प्राज्ञो न माद्येत सदा ह्येतद्विगर्हितम् ॥ ५.४५.११ ॥
Envy, exultation, excessive speech, loss of awareness, and envious fault-finding. Therefore the wise man should never become intoxicated, for this is always condemned.
5.45.12
नभ्यर्थितश्चार्हति शुद्धभावः ॥ ५.४५.१२ ॥
Even when solicited, one of pure disposition does not deserve (a gift).
5.45.13
त्यक्तद्रव्यः संवसेन्नेह कामा-
द्भिङ्क्ते कर्मस्वाशिषं बाधते च ॥ ५.४५.१३ ॥
One who has renounced wealth should not dwell here out of desire; he who seeks the fruit of actions enjoys them, yet is also hindered by them.
5.45.14
द्रव्यवान्गुणवानेवं त्यागी भवति सात्विकः ।
पञ्चभूतानि पञ्चभ्यो निवर्तयति तादृशः ॥ ५.४५.१४ ॥
Thus one who is rich, virtuous and a giver becomes sāttvika; such a one separates the five elements from the five themselves.
5.45.15
एतत्समृद्धमप्यृद्धं तपो भवति केवलम् ।
सत्वात्प्रच्यवमानानां सङ्कल्पेन समाहितम् ॥ ५.४५.१५ ॥
Even when this austerity is abundant and prosperous, it is merely that; for those who fall away from their sattva, austerity is concentrated only by resolve.
5.45.16
यतो यज्ञः प्रवर्धन्ते मत्यस्यैवावरोधनात् ।
मनसान्यस्य भवति वाच्यन्यस्याथ कर्मणा ॥ ५.४५.१६ ॥
It is by a mortal's restraint that sacrifices grow; but one thing is in the mind, another is spoken, and another is done by action.
5.45.17
सङ्कल्पसिद्धं पुरुषमसङ्कल्पोऽधितिष्ठति ।
ब्राह्मणस्य विशेषेण किञ्चान्यदपि मे श्रृणु ॥ ५.४५.१७ ॥
Non-intention rules the person who is accomplished by intention, especially a brahmin. Hear from me something else as well.
5.45.18
अध्यापयेन्महदेतद्यशस्यं ।
वाचो विकराः कवयो वदन्ति।
अस्मिन्योगे सर्वमिदं प्रतिष्ठितं ।
ये तद्विदुरमृतास्ते भवन्ति ॥ ५.४५.१८ ॥
One should teach this great and glory-bringing doctrine. The wise poets speak of the various forms of speech. In this discipline all of this is established. Those who know it become immortal.
5.45.19
न कर्मणा सुकृतेनैव राजन् ।
सत्यं जयेज्जुहुयाद्वा यजेद्वा।
नैतेन वालोऽमृत्युमभ्येति राजन् ।
रतिं चासौ न लभत्यन्तकाले ॥ ५.४५.१९ ॥
Not by action, nor by good deeds alone, O king, nor by conquering truth, nor by offering oblations or sacrificing, does one attain deathlessness, O king; by these a man does not cross beyond death, and at the time of death he does not obtain delight.
5.45.20
तृष्णीमेक उपासीत चेष्टेत मनसापि न ।
तथा संस्तुतिनिन्दाभ्यां प्रीतिरोषौ विवर्जयेत् ॥ ५.४५.२० ॥
Let him sit alone in silence, and not strive even with the mind. Likewise, let him abandon delight and anger arising from praise and blame.
5.45.21
अत्रैव तिष्ठन्क्षत्रिय ब्रह्माविशति पश्यति ।
वेदेषु चानुपूर्व्येण एतद्विद्वन्ब्रवीमि ते ॥ ५.४५.२१ ॥
O kṣatriya, remaining right here, a man enters Brahman and sees it. O learned one, in the proper order of the Vedas, I tell you this.