Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 6.11
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6.11.1
जम्बूखण्डस्त्वया प्रोक्तो यथावदिह सञ्जय ।
विष्कम्भमस्य प्रब्रूहि परिमाणं तु तत्त्वतः ॥ ६.११.१ ॥
Sañjaya, you have described the Jambū continent as it truly is. Now tell me its breadth and its measure, exactly as it is.
6.11.2
समुद्रस्य प्रमाणं च सम्यगच्छिद्रदर्शनम् ।
शाकद्वीपं च मे ब्रूहि कुशद्वीपं च सञ्जय ॥ ६.११.२ ॥
Sañjaya, tell me the measure of the ocean and its complete, flawless description, and also the islands Śāka and Kuśa.
6.11.3
शाल्मलिं चैव तत्त्वेन क्रौञ्चद्वीपं तथैव च ।
ब्रूहि गावल्गणे सर्वं राहोः सोमार्कयोस्तथा ॥ ६.११.३ ॥
Gāvalgaṇi, describe truly the Śālmali island and the Krauñca island, and tell me everything, and likewise of Rāhu, the moon, and the sun.
6.11.4
राजन्सुबहवो द्वीपा यैरिदं सन्ततं जगत् ।
सप्त द्वीपान्प्रवक्ष्यामि चन्द्रादित्यौ ग्रहं तथा ॥ ६.११.४ ॥
O king, there are many islands by which this world is entirely pervaded. I will describe the seven islands, and likewise the moon, the sun and the planet Rāhu.
6.11.5
अष्टादश सहस्राणि योजनानि विशांपते ।
षट् शतानि च पूर्णानि विष्कम्भो जम्बुपर्वतः ॥ ६.११.५ ॥
O lord of men, the breadth of Mount Jambu is exactly eighteen thousand six hundred yojanas.
6.11.6
लावणस्य समुद्रस्य विष्कम्भो द्विगुणः स्मृतः ।
नानाजनपदाकीर्णो मणिविद्रुमचित्रितः ॥ ६.११.६ ॥
The breadth of the salt ocean is recorded as double; it is filled with many countries and adorned with gems and coral.
6.11.7
नैकधातुविचित्रैश्च पर्वतैरुपशोभितः ।
सिद्धचारणसंकीर्णः सागरः परिमण्डलः ॥ ६.११.७ ॥
Adorned with mountains of many-coloured minerals and thronged with siddhas and cāraṇas, this ocean is circular.
6.11.8
शाकद्वीपं च वक्ष्यामि यथावदिह पार्थिव ।
शृणु मे त्वं यथान्यायं ब्रुवतः कुरुनन्दन ॥ ६.११.८ ॥
O king, I shall now describe Śākadvīpa as it truly is. Listen to me, O joy of the Kurus, as I speak according to rule.
6.11.9
जम्बूद्वीपपरमाणेन द्विगुणः स नराधिप ।
विष्कम्भेण महाराज सागरोऽपि विभागशः ॥ ६.११.९ ॥
O lord of men, it is twice the measure of Jambūdvīpa. O great king, that ocean too is equal in breadth, divided into parts.
6.11.10
क्षीरोदो भरतश्रेष्ठ येन संपरिवारिताः ।
तत्र पुण्या जनपदास्तत्र न म्रियते जनः।
कुत एव हि दुर्भिक्षं क्षमातेजोयुता हि ते ॥ ६.११.१० ॥
O best of the Bharatas, they are surrounded by the ocean of milk. In those blessed lands no person dies; how then could there be famine for those endowed with patience and splendour?
6.11.11
शाकद्वीपस्य संक्षेपो यथावद्भरतर्षभ ।
उक्त एष महाराज किमन्यत्कथयामि ते ॥ ६.११.११ ॥
O bull of the Bharatas, this summary of Śākadvīpa has been told as it is. O great king, what else shall I tell you?
6.11.12
शाकद्वीपस्य संक्षेपो यथावदिह सञ्जय ।
उक्तस्त्वया महाप्राज्ञ विस्तरं ब्रूहि तत्त्वतः ॥ ६.११.१२ ॥
O Sañjaya, you have told this summary of Śākadvīpa duly. O man of great wisdom, now speak it in detail, as it truly is.
6.11.13
तथैव पर्वता राजन्सप्तात्र मणिभूषिताः ।
रत्नाकरास्तथा नद्यस्तेषां नामानि मे शृणु ॥ ६.११.१३ ॥
O king, likewise here are seven mountains adorned with jewels, and treasure-oceans and rivers. Hear their names from me.
6.11.14
अतीव गुणवत्सर्वं तत्र पुण्यं जनाधिप ॥ ६.११.१४ ॥
O lord of men, everything there is exceedingly excellent and holy.
6.11.15
देवर्षिगन्धर्वयुतः प्रथमो मेरुरुच्यते ।
प्रागायतो महाराज मलयो नाम पर्वतः ॥ ६.११.१५ ॥
The first mountain, joined by gods, divine sages and gandharvas, is called Meru. O great king, there is the mountain named Malaya, extending eastward.
6.11.16
ततो मेघाः प्रवर्तन्ते प्रभवन्ति च सर्वशः ।
ततः परेण कौरव्य जलधारो महागिरिः ॥ ६.११.१६ ॥
From there the clouds rise and gather on every side. O descendant of the Kurus, beyond that is the great mountain called Jaladhara.
6.11.17
ततो नित्युमुपादत्ते वासवः परमं जलम् ।
ततो वर्षं प्रभवति वर्षकाले जनेश्वर ॥ ६.११.१७ ॥
From there Vāsava (Indra) always takes up the supreme water. Then rain arises in the rainy season, O lord of men.
6.11.18
उच्चैर्गिरी रैवतको यत्र नित्यं प्रतिष्ठिता ।
रेवती दिवि नक्षत्रं पितामहकृतो विधिः ॥ ६.११.१८ ॥
There is the lofty mountain Raivataka, where the constellation Revatī is always established in the sky; this rule was made by the grandfather (Brahmā).
6.11.19
उत्तरेण तु राजेन्द्र श्यामो नाम महागिरिः ।
नवमेघप्रभः प्रांशुः श्रीमानुज्ज्वलविग्रहः ।
यतः श्यामत्वमापन्नाः प्रजा जनपदेश्वर ॥ ६.११.१९ ॥
O lord of kings, to the north there is a great mountain named Śyāma, radiant like a fresh cloud, tall, splendid, with a bright form. O lord of the lands, from it the peoples came to have a dark hue.
6.11.20
सुमहान्संशयो मेऽद्य प्रोक्तोऽयं सञ्जय त्वया ।
प्रजाः कथं सूतपुत्र संप्राप्ताः श्यामतामिह ॥ ६.११.२० ॥
O Sañjaya, what you have now told me has given rise to a very great doubt. O son of the charioteer, how did the peoples here come to have a dark hue?
6.11.21
सर्वेष्वेव महाराज द्वीपेषु कुरुनन्दन ।
गौरः कृष्णश्च पतगस्तयोर्वर्णान्तरे नृप ॥ ६.११.२१ ॥
O great king, joy of the Kurus, in all the continents there are fair and dark hues, and O lord of men, there is a difference between these two colours.
6.11.22
श्यामो यस्मात्प्रवृत्तो वै तस्माच्छ्यामो गिरिःस्मृतः ॥ ६.११.२२ ॥
Because darkness of hue arose from it, therefore that mountain is remembered as Śyāma.
6.11.23
ततः परं कौरवेन्द्र दुर्गशैलो महोदयः ।
केसरः केसरयुतो यतो वातः प्रवर्तते ॥ ६.११.२३ ॥
Beyond that, O lord of the Kurus, is the fortress mountain Durgaśaila, of great rise, called Kesara, abounding in manes, from which the wind blows.
6.11.24
तेषां योजनविष्कम्भो द्विगुणः प्रविभागशः ।
वर्षाणि तेषु कौरव्य सप्तोक्तानि मनीषिभिः ॥ ६.११.२४ ॥
Their breadth, in yojanas, doubles part by part. O Kaurava, among them the wise have declared seven realms.
6.11.25
महामेरुर्महाकाशो जलदः कुमुदोत्तरः ।
जलधारो महाराज सुकुमार इति स्मृतः ॥ ६.११.२५ ॥
O great king, Mahāmeru, Mahākāśa, Jaladā, Kumudottara, Jaladhāra and Sukumāra—thus they are remembered.
6.11.26
रेवतस्य तु कौमारः श्यामस्य मणिकाञ्चनः ।
केसरस्याथ मौदाकी परेण तु महापुमान् ॥ ६.११.२६ ॥
Of Revata, Kaumāra; of Śyāma, Maṇikāñcana; of Kesara, then Maudākī; and beyond that, the great Puruṣa.
6.11.27
परिवार्य तु कौरव्य दैर्घ्यं ह्रस्वत्वमेव च ।
जम्बूद्वीपेन संक्यातस्तस्य मध्ये महाद्रुमः ॥ ६.११.२७ ॥
O Kaurava, it encircles; its length and shortness are reckoned by Jambudvīpa; in its middle stands a great tree.
6.11.28
शाको नाम महाराज प्रजा तस्य सदानुगा ।
तत्र पुण्या जनपदाः पूज्यते तत्र शंकरः ॥ ६.११.२८ ॥
Great king, its name is Śāka; its people are ever devoted followers. There are sacred countries there, and there Śaṅkara is worshipped.
6.11.29
तत्र गच्छन्ति सिद्धाश्च चारणा दैवतानि च ।
धार्मिकाश्च प्रजा राजंश्चत्वारोऽतीव भारत ॥ ६.११.२९ ॥
There go the perfected ones, the celestial bards and the gods; O king, O Bhārata, the people there are exceedingly righteous—all four social orders.
6.11.30
वर्णाः स्वकर्मनिरता न च स्तेनोऽत्र दृश्यते ।
दीर्घायुषो महाराज जरामृत्युविवर्जिताः ॥ ६.११.३० ॥
The social orders are devoted each to their own duty; no thief is seen there. Great king, they are long-lived, free from old age and death.
6.11.31
प्रजास्तत्र विवर्धन्ते वर्षास्विव समुद्रगाः ।
नद्यः पुण्यजलास्तत्र गङ्गा च बहुधा गता ॥ ६.११.३१ ॥
There the people flourish like rivers flowing to the ocean in the rainy seasons; there are rivers of pure waters, and the Gaṅgā flowing in many channels.
6.11.32
सुकुमारी कुमारी च शीताशी वेणिका तथा ।
महानदी च कौरव्य तथा मणिजला नदी ॥ ६.११.३२ ॥
The Sukumārī, the Kumārī, the Śītāśī, the Veṇikā, the great river, O Kaurava, and also the river Maṇijalā.
6.11.33
चक्षुर्वर्धनिका चैव नदी भरतसत्तम ।
तत्र प्रवृत्ताः पुण्योदा नद्यः कुरुकुलोद्वह ॥ ६.११.३३ ॥
And the river Cakṣurvardhanikā as well, O best of the Bharatas. There flow rivers of pure waters, O bearer of the Kuru lineage.
6.11.34
सहस्राणां शतान्येव यतो वर्षति वासवः ।
न तासां नामधेयानि परिमाणं तथैव च ॥ ६.११.३४ ॥
Hundreds of thousands, from which Vāsava (Indra) rains; their names and their measure cannot be counted in the same way.
6.11.35
शक्यन्ते परिसंख्यातुं पुण्यास्ता हि सरिद्वराः ।
तत्र पुण्या जनपदाश्चत्वारो लोकसंमताः ॥ ६.११.३५ ॥
Those sacred best of rivers cannot be fully counted. There are four sacred regions, esteemed by the world.
6.11.36
मङ्गाश्च मशकाश्चैव मानसा मन्दगास्तथा ।
मङ्गा ब्राह्मणभूयिष्ठाः स्वकर्मनिरता नृप ॥ ६.११.३६ ॥
The Maṅgas, the Maśakas, the Mānasas, and likewise the Mandagas. O king, among the Maṅgas are mostly brahmins, devoted to their own duties.
6.11.37
मशकेषु च राजन्या धार्मिकाः सर्वकामदाः ।
मानसाश्च महाराज वैश्यधर्मोपजीविनः ॥ ६.११.३७ ॥
Among the Maśakas the kṣatriyas are righteous and grant all desires; and, O great king, the Mānasas live by the duty of the vaiśyas.
6.11.38
सर्वकामसमायुक्ताः शूरा धर्मार्थनिश्चिताः ।
शूद्रास्तु मन्दगा नित्यं पुरुषा धर्मशीलिनः ॥ ६.११.३८ ॥
Endowed with all their desires, brave, and resolute in dharma and wealth; but the śūdras are always slow-moving, men of righteous character.
6.11.39
न तत्र राजा राजेन्द्र न दण्डो न च दण्डिकाः ।
स्वधर्मेणैव धर्मज्ञास्ते रक्षन्ति परस्परम् ॥ ६.११.३९ ॥
There, O lord of kings, there is no king, no punishment, and no punishers; the knowers of dharma protect one another through their own dharma alone.
6.11.40
एतावदेव शक्यं तु तत्र द्वीपे प्रभाषितुम् ।
एतदेव च श्रोतव्यं शाकद्वीपे महौजसि ॥ ६.११.४० ॥
Only this much can be told about that island; and about the mighty Śāka-dvīpa, this alone is to be heard.