Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 6.28
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6.28.1
इमं विवस्वते योगं प्रोक्तवानहमव्ययम् ।
विवस्वान्मनवे प्राह मनुरिक्ष्वाकवेऽब्रवीत् ॥ ६.२८.१ ॥
I declared this imperishable yoga to Vivasvat; Vivasvat told it to Manu, and Manu told it to Ikṣvāku.
6.28.2
एवं परम्पराप्राप्तमिमं राजर्षयोऽविदुः ।
स कालेनेह महता योगो नष्टः परंतप ॥ ६.२८.२ ॥
Thus the royal sages knew this yoga, handed down in succession; but in the course of a long time it was lost here, O scorcher of foes.
6.28.3
स एवायं मया तेऽद्य योगः प्रोक्तः पुरातनः ।
भक्तोऽसि मे सखा चेति रहस्यं ह्येतदुत्तमम् ॥ ६.२८.३ ॥
That same ancient yoga has today been declared by me to you, for you are my devotee and friend; this is the supreme secret.
6.28.4
अपरं भवतो जन्म परं जन्म विवस्वतः ।
कथमेतद्विजानीयां त्वमादौ प्रोक्तवानिति ॥ ६.२८.४ ॥
Your birth is later, and the birth of Vivasvat is earlier; how am I to understand that you declared this in the beginning?
6.28.5
बहूनि मे व्यतीतानि जन्मानि तव चार्जुन ।
तान्यहं वेद सर्वाणि न त्वं वेत्थ परंतप ॥ ६.२८.५ ॥
Many births of mine have passed, and of yours too, Arjuna; I know them all, but you do not know them, O scorcher of foes.
6.28.6
अजोऽपि सन्नव्ययात्मा भूतानामीश्वरोऽपि सन् ।
प्रकृतिं स्वामधिष्ठाय संभवाम्यात्ममायया ॥ ६.२८.६ ॥
Though I am unborn and of imperishable self, and though I am the lord of all beings, yet I come into being by my own maya, abiding in my own nature.
6.28.7
यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य ग्लानिर्भवति भारत ।
अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य तदाऽऽत्मानं सृजाम्यहम् ॥ ६.२८.७ ॥
O Bhārata, whenever there is a decline of dharma and a rising up of adharma, then I create myself.
6.28.8
परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम् ।
धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय संभवामि युगे युगे ॥ ६.२८.८ ॥
For the protection of the good, for the destruction of evildoers, and for the establishment of dharma, I come into being age after age.
6.28.9
जन्म कर्म च मे दिव्यमेवं यो वेत्ति तत्त्वतः ।
त्यक्त्वा देहं पुनर्जन्म नैति मामेति सोऽर्जुन ॥ ६.२८.९ ॥
O Arjuna, whoever knows my divine birth and action in this way, in truth, does not take rebirth after abandoning the body; he comes to me.
6.28.10
वीतरागभयक्रोधा मन्मया मामुपाश्रिताः ।
बहवो ज्ञानतपसा पूता मद्भावमागताः ॥ ६.२८.१० ॥
Many, freed from passion, fear and anger, absorbed in me and taking refuge in me, purified by the austerity of knowledge, have attained my state of being.
6.28.11
ये यथा मां प्रपद्यन्ते तांस्तथैव भजाम्यहम् ।
मम वर्त्मानुवर्तन्ते मनुष्याः पार्थ सर्वशः ॥ ६.२८.११ ॥
In whatever way people approach me, in that same way I favour them; O Pārtha, men follow my path in every way.
6.28.12
काङ्क्षन्तः कर्मणां सिद्धिं यजन्त इह देवताः ।
क्षिप्रं हि मानुषे लोके सिद्धिर्भवति कर्मजा ॥ ६.२८.१२ ॥
Desiring success in their actions, people here worship the gods; for in the human world, success born of action comes quickly.
6.28.13
चातुर्वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागशः ।
तस्य कर्तारमपि मां विद्ध्यकर्तारमव्ययम् ॥ ६.२८.१३ ॥
The fourfold order was created by me according to the division of qualities and actions. Though I am its author, know me as the non-doer and the imperishable.
6.28.14
न मां कर्माणि लिम्पन्ति न मे कर्मफले स्पृहा ।
इति मां योऽभिजानाति कर्मभिर्न स बध्यते ॥ ६.२८.१४ ॥
Actions do not cling to me, nor do I desire their fruits. He who knows me thus is not bound by actions.
6.28.15
एवं ज्ञात्वा कृतं कर्म पूर्वैरपि मुमुक्षुभिः ।
कुरु कर्मैव तस्मात्त्वं पूर्वैः पूर्वतरं कृतम् ॥ ६.२८.१५ ॥
Knowing this, even the ancient seekers of liberation performed action. Therefore, do the action that the ancestors performed, and that performed earlier still by those before them.
6.28.16
किं कर्म किमकर्मेति कवयोऽप्यत्र मोहिताः ।
तत्ते कर्म प्रवक्ष्यामि यज्ज्ञात्वा मोक्ष्यसेऽशुभात् ॥ ६.२८.१६ ॥
Even the wise have been bewildered about what action is and what inaction is. I will tell you that action, knowing which you will be freed from evil.
6.28.17
कर्मणो ह्यपि बोद्धव्यं बोद्धव्यं च विकर्मणः ।
अकर्मणश्च बोद्धव्यं गहना कर्मणो गतिः ॥ ६.२८.१७ ॥
Action must indeed be understood, and wrong action must be understood, and inaction must be understood; the course of action is deep.
6.28.18
कर्मण्यकर्म यः पश्येदकर्मणि च कर्म यः ।
स बुद्धिमान्मनुष्येषु स युक्तः कृत्स्नकर्मकृत् ॥ ६.२८.१८ ॥
He who sees inaction in action, and action in inaction, is wise among men; he is disciplined and a doer of all actions.
6.28.19
यस्य सर्वे समारम्भाः कामसंकल्पवर्जिताः ।
ज्ञानाग्निदग्धकर्माणं तमाहुः पण्डितं बुधाः ॥ ६.२८.१९ ॥
Those whose every undertaking is free from desire and intention, whose actions are burnt in the fire of knowledge — the wise call such a one a paṇḍita.
6.28.20
त्यक्त्वा कर्मफलासङ्गं नित्यतृप्तो निराश्रयः ।
कर्मण्यभिप्रवृत्तोऽपि नैव किंचित्करोति सः ॥ ६.२८.२० ॥
Having abandoned attachment to the fruits of action, always content and without dependence, he, though fully engaged in action, truly does nothing at all.
6.28.21
निराशीर्यतचित्तात्मा त्यक्तसर्वपरिग्रहः ।
शारीरं केवलं कर्म कुर्वन्नाप्नोति किल्बिषम् ॥ ६.२८.२१ ॥
Free from expectation, with mind and self restrained, having abandoned all possessions, one who performs action merely with the body does not incur fault.
6.28.22
यदृच्छालाभसंतुष्टो द्वन्द्वातीतो विमत्सरः ।
समः सिद्धावसिद्धौ च कृत्वापि न निबध्यते ॥ ६.२८.२२ ॥
Content with gain that comes unbidden, beyond the pairs of opposites, free from envy, even-minded in success and failure, he is not bound even though he acts.
6.28.23
गतसङ्गस्य मुक्तस्य ज्ञानावस्थितचेतसः ।
यज्ञायाचरतः कर्म समग्रं प्रविलीयते ॥ ६.२८.२३ ॥
For one free from attachment, liberated, whose mind is established in knowledge, and who acts for sacrifice, the whole of his action dissolves away.
6.28.24
ब्रह्मार्पणं ब्रह्म हविर्ब्रह्माग्नौ ब्रह्मणा हुतम् ।
ब्रह्मैव तेन गन्तव्यं ब्रह्म कर्म समाधिना ॥ ६.२८.२४ ॥
The offering is Brahman, the oblation is Brahman, it is offered by Brahman into the fire of Brahman; by action absorbed in samādhi, Brahman alone is to be reached.
6.28.25
दैवमेवापरे यज्ञं योगिनः पर्युपासते ।
ब्रह्माग्नावपरे यज्ञं यज्ञेनैवोपजुह्वति ॥ ६.२८.२५ ॥
Some yogis worship the divine sacrifice alone; others offer sacrifice in the fire of Brahman, offering the sacrifice by the sacrifice itself.
6.28.26
श्रोत्रादीनीन्द्रियाण्यन्ये संयमाग्निषु जुह्वति ।
शब्दादीन्विषयानन्य इन्द्रियाग्निषु जुह्वति ॥ ६.२८.२६ ॥
Others offer the senses, beginning with hearing, into the fires of restraint; others offer the objects of the senses, beginning with sound, into the fires of the senses.
6.28.27
सर्वाणीन्द्रियकर्माणि प्राणकर्माणि चापरे ।
आत्मसंयमयोगाग्नौ जुह्वति ज्ञानदीपिते ॥ ६.२८.२७ ॥
Others offer all the actions of the senses and the actions of the vital breath into the fire of the yoga of self-restraint, kindled by knowledge.
6.28.28
द्रव्ययज्ञास्तपोयज्ञा योगयज्ञास्तथापरे ।
स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च यतयः संशितव्रताः ॥ ६.२८.२८ ॥
Some perform sacrifices of material offerings, some sacrifices of austerity, others sacrifices of yoga; and the ascetics of firm vows perform sacrifices of study and of knowledge.
6.28.29
अपाने जुह्वति प्राणं प्राणेऽपानं तथाऽपरे ।
प्राणापानगती रुद्ध्वा प्राणायामपरायणाः ॥ ६.२८.२९ ॥
Some offer the upward breath into the downward breath, and the downward breath into the upward breath; others, restraining the movements of the upward and downward breath, become intent on breath-control.
6.28.30
अपरे नियताहाराः प्राणान्प्राणेषु जुह्वति ।
सर्वेऽप्येते यज्ञविदो यज्ञक्षपितकल्मषाः ॥ ६.२८.३० ॥
Others, regulating their food, offer the breaths into the breaths. All these are knowers of sacrifice, whose impurities are destroyed by sacrifice.
6.28.31
यज्ञशिष्टामृतभुजो यान्ति ब्रह्म सनातनम् ।
नायं लोकोऽस्त्ययज्ञस्य कुतोऽन्यः कुरुसत्तम ॥ ६.२८.३१ ॥
Those who eat the nectar left over from sacrifice go to the eternal Brahman. For one who does not sacrifice this world does not exist; how then another, best of the Kurus?
6.28.32
एवं बहुविधा यज्ञा वितता ब्रह्मणो मुखे ।
कर्मजान्विद्धि तान्सर्वानेवं ज्ञात्वा विमोक्ष्यसे ॥ ६.२८.३२ ॥
Thus many kinds of sacrifice are spread out in the mouth of Brahman. Know them all as born of action; knowing thus, you will be liberated.
6.28.33
श्रेयान्द्रव्यमयाद्यजाज्ज्ञानयज्ञः परंतप ।
सर्वं कर्माखिलं पार्थ ज्ञाने परिसमाप्यते ॥ ६.२८.३३ ॥
Better than sacrifice made of material things is the sacrifice of knowledge, O scorcher of foes. All action, O son of Pṛthā, is completed in knowledge.
6.28.34
तद्विद्धि प्रणिपातेन परिप्रश्नेन सेवया ।
उपदेक्ष्यन्ति ते ज्ञानं ज्ञानिनस्तत्त्वदर्शिनः ॥ ६.२८.३४ ॥
Learn that by prostration, by questioning, and by service; the wise seers of truth will teach you that knowledge.
6.28.35
यज्ज्ञात्वा न पुनर्मोहमेवं यास्यसि पाण्डव ।
येन भूतान्यशेषेण द्रक्ष्यस्यात्मन्यथो मयि ॥ ६.२८.३५ ॥
Knowing which, you will not again fall into delusion like this, son of Pāṇḍu; by which you will see all beings in yourself and also in me.
6.28.36
अपि चेदसि पापेभ्यः सर्वेभ्यः पापकृत्तमः ।
सर्वं ज्ञानप्लवेनैव वृजिनं संतरिष्यसि ॥ ६.२८.३६ ॥
Even if you were the greatest doer of sin among all sinners, by the raft of knowledge alone you will cross over all wrongdoing.
6.28.37
यथैधांसि समिद्धोऽग्निर्भस्मासात्कुरुतेऽर्जुन ।
ज्ञानाग्निः सर्वकर्माणि भस्मसात्कुरुते यथा ॥ ६.२८.३७ ॥
Just as a kindled fire reduces firewood to ashes, O Arjuna, so the fire of knowledge reduces all actions to ashes.
6.28.38
न हि ज्ञानेन सदृशं पवित्रमिह विद्यते ।
तत्स्वयं योगसंसिद्धः कालेनात्मनि विन्दति ॥ ६.२८.३८ ॥
Indeed, nothing in this world is as purifying as knowledge; the one perfected in yoga finds it within himself, in time, by himself.
6.28.39
श्रद्धावाँल्लभते ज्ञानं तत्परः संयतेन्द्रियः ।
ज्ञानं लब्ध्वा परां शान्तिमचिरेणाधिगच्छति ॥ ६.२८.३९ ॥
The faithful man, intent on it and with senses restrained, obtains knowledge; having obtained knowledge, he soon attains supreme peace.
6.28.40
अज्ञश्चाश्रद्दधानश्च संशयात्मा विनश्यति ।
नायं लोकोऽस्ति न परो न सुखं संशयात्मनः ॥ ६.२८.४० ॥
The ignorant, the faithless, and the man of doubting soul perishes; for the doubting soul there is neither this world, nor the next, nor happiness.
6.28.41
योगसंन्यस्तकर्माणं ज्ञानसंछिन्नसंशयम् ।
आत्मवन्तं न कर्माणि निबध्नन्ति धनंजय ॥ ६.२८.४१ ॥
O Dhanaṃjaya, actions do not bind him who has renounced his actions through yoga, whose doubts are severed by knowledge, and who is possessed of the self.
6.28.42
तस्मादज्ञानसंभूतं हृत्स्थं ज्ञानासिनाऽऽत्मनः ।
छित्त्वैनं संशयं योगमातिष्ठोत्तिष्ठ भारत ॥ ६.२८.४२ ॥
Therefore, O Bhārata, cut away with the sword of knowledge this doubt, born of ignorance and dwelling in your heart; take refuge in yoga, and arise.