Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 6.41
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6.41.1
ये शास्त्रविधिमुत्सृज्य यजन्ते श्रद्धयान्विता ।
तेषां निष्ठा तु का कृष्ण सत्वमाहो सजस्तमः ॥ ६.४१.१ ॥
O Kṛṣṇa, those who, abandoning the injunction of the scriptures, sacrifice endowed with faith — what is their steadfastness: sattva, or rajas, or tamas?
6.41.2
त्रिविधा भवति श्रद्धा देहिनां सा स्वभावजा ।
सात्विकी राजसी चैव तामसी चेति तां श्रृणु ॥ ६.४१.२ ॥
Threefold is the faith of embodied beings, born of their own nature: sāttvikī, rājasī, and tāmasī. Hear of it.
6.41.3
सत्वानुरूपा सर्वस्य श्रद्धा भवति भारत ।
श्रद्धामयोऽयं पुरुषो यो यच्छ्रद्धः स एव सः ॥ ६.४१.३ ॥
O Bhārata, everyone's faith accords with his inner nature. This person is made of faith; whatever a man's faith is, that very thing he is.
6.41.4
यजन्ते सात्विका देवान्यक्षरक्षांसि राजसाः ।
प्रेतान्भूतगणांश्चान्ये यजन्ते तामसा जनाः ॥ ६.४१.४ ॥
The sāttvic worship the gods; the rājasic worship yakṣas and rākṣasas; and the tāmasic worship the departed spirits and hosts of beings.
6.41.5
अशास्त्रविहितं घोरं तप्यन्ते ये तपो जनाः ।
दम्भाहङ्कारसंयुक्ताः कामरागबलान्विताः ॥ ६.४१.५ ॥
Those people who perform fierce austerities not enjoined by the scriptures, joined to hypocrisy and egotism, endowed with desire, attachment and force—
6.41.6
कर्शयन्तः शरीरस्थं भूतग्राममचेतसः ।
मां चैवान्तः शरीरस्थं तान्विद्ध्यासुरनिश्चयान् ॥ ६.४१.६ ॥
Know them to be of demonic resolve: the senseless who emaciate the host of elements dwelling in the body, and me too, dwelling within the body.
6.41.7
आहारस्त्वपि सर्वस्य त्रिविधो भवति प्रियः ।
यज्ञस्तपस्तथा दानं तेषां भेदमिमं श्रृणु ॥ ६.४१.७ ॥
Food, too, is of three kinds, each dear to its own kind. Hear this distinction of sacrifice, austerity and gift.
6.41.8
आयुःसत्वबलारोग्यसुखप्रीतिविवर्धनाः ।
रस्याःस्रिग्धाः स्थिरा हृद्या आहाराःसात्विकप्रियाः ॥ ६.४१.८ ॥
Foods that increase life, vitality, strength, health, pleasure and joy, that are savoury, nourishing, lasting and agreeable to the heart, are dear to the sattvic.
6.41.9
कट्वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः ।
आहारा राजसस्येष्टा दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः ॥ ६.४१.९ ॥
Foods that are bitter, sour, salty, very hot, sharp, dry and burning are desired by the rajasic; they bring suffering, grief and disease.
6.41.10
यातयामं गतरसं पूति पर्युषितं च यत् ।
उच्छिष्टमपि चामेध्यं भोजनं तामसप्रियम् ॥ ६.४१.१० ॥
Food that is stale, tasteless, putrid, long kept, leftover and impure is dear to the tamasic.
6.41.11
अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिर्यज्ञो विधिदृष्टो य इज्यते ।
यष्टव्यमेवेति मनः समाधाय स सात्विकः ॥ ६.४१.११ ॥
A sacrifice performed as prescribed by rule, by those who desire no fruit, with the mind fixed on the thought that it must be offered, is sattvic.
6.41.12
अभिसंघाय तु फलं दम्भार्थमपि चैव यत् ।
इज्यते भरतश्रेष्ठ तं यज्ञं विद्धि राजसम् ॥ ६.४१.१२ ॥
Best of the Bharatas, know that sacrifice performed with an eye to reward, or merely for display, is rajasic.
6.41.13
विधिहीनमसृष्टान्नं मन्त्रहीनमदक्षिणम् ।
श्रद्धाविरहितं यज्ञं तामसं परिचक्षते ॥ ६.४१.१३ ॥
A sacrifice without prescribed rite, without food distributed, without sacred formulas, without fee, and without faith is declared to be of the nature of darkness.
6.41.14
देवद्विजगुरुप्राज्ञपूजनं शौचमार्जवम् ।
ब्रह्मचर्यमहिंसा च शारीरं तप उच्यते ॥ ६.४१.१४ ॥
Honoring gods, twice-born men, teachers and the wise; purity, uprightness, chastity and non-violence — this is called austerity of the body.
6.41.15
अनुद्वेगकरं वाक्यं सत्यं प्रियहितं च यत् ।
स्वाध्यायाभ्यसनं चैव वाङ्भयं तप उच्यते ॥ ६.४१.१५ ॥
Speech that causes no agitation, that is true, pleasant and beneficial, together with the diligent practice of study of scripture — this is called austerity of speech.
6.41.16
मनःप्रसादः सम्यत्वं मौनमात्मविनिग्रहः ।
भावसंशुद्धिरित्येतत्तपो मानसमुच्यते ॥ ६.४१.१६ ॥
Serenity of mind, gentleness, silence, self-restraint and purity of disposition — this is called austerity of the mind.
6.41.17
श्रद्धया परया तप्तं तपस्तत्रिविधं नरैः ।
अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिर्युक्तैः सात्विकं परिचक्षते ॥ ६.४१.१७ ॥
This threefold austerity, performed by men with supreme faith, free from desire for fruit and devoted in yoga, is declared to be of the nature of goodness.
6.41.18
सत्कारमानपूजाराथं तपो दम्भेन चैव यत् ।
क्रियते तदिह प्रोक्तं राजसं चलमध्रुवम् ॥ ६.४१.१८ ॥
Austerity performed for the sake of honor, respect and worship, or out of hypocrisy, is declared here to be of the nature of passion, unsteady and impermanent.
6.41.19
मूढग्राहेणात्मनो यत्पीडया क्रियते तपः ।
परस्योत्सादनार्थं वा तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥ ६.४१.१९ ॥
The austerity performed out of foolish obstinacy, tormenting oneself, or performed to destroy another, is declared to be of the nature of tamas.
6.41.20
दातव्यमिति यद्दानं दीयतेऽनुपकारिणे ।
देशे काले च पात्रे च तद्दानं सात्विकं स्मृतम् ॥ ६.४१.२० ॥
A gift given with the thought "it ought to be given" to one who cannot return a favor, at the proper place, the proper time, and to a worthy recipient, is remembered as sāttvika.
6.41.21
यत्तु प्रत्युपकारार्थं फलमुद्दिश्य वा पुनः ।
दीयते च परिक्लिष्टं तद्दानं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥ ६.४१.२१ ॥
But a gift given in expectation of a return favor, or aiming at a fruit, or given again grudgingly, is remembered as rājasa.
6.41.22
अदेशकाले यद्दानमपात्रेभ्यश्च दीयते ।
असत्कृतमवज्ञातं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥ ६.४१.२२ ॥
A gift given at an improper place and time, to unworthy recipients, without respect and with contempt, is declared to be of the nature of tamas.
6.41.23
ओंतत्सदिति निर्देशो ब्रह्मणस्त्रिविधः स्मृताः ।
ब्राह्मणास्तेन वेदाश्च यज्ञाश्च विहिताः पुरा ॥ ६.४१.२३ ॥
"Oṃ tat sat" is remembered as the threefold designation of Brahman; by it, in former times, the brahmins, the Vedas and the sacrifices were ordained.
6.41.24
तस्मादोमित्युदाहृत्य यज्ञदानतपःक्रियाः ।
प्रवर्तन्ते विधानोक्ताः सततं ब्रह्मवादिनाम् ॥ ६.४१.२४ ॥
Therefore, pronouncing "Om", the rites of sacrifice, gift and austerity are constantly undertaken, as prescribed, by those who speak of Brahman.
6.41.25
तदित्यनभिसंधाय फलं यज्ञतपःक्रियाः ।
दानक्रियाश्च विविधाः क्रियन्ते मोक्षकाङ्क्षिभिः ॥ ६.४१.२५ ॥
Saying 'tat', without aiming at the fruit, those who desire liberation perform acts of sacrifice and austerity and many kinds of giving.
6.41.26
सद्भावे साधुभावे च सदित्येतत्प्रुयुज्यते ।
प्रशस्ते कर्मणि तथा सच्छब्दः पार्थ युज्यते ॥ ६.४१.२६ ॥
O Pārtha, the word 'sat' is applied in the sense of reality and goodness; likewise the word 'sat' is used for a praiseworthy action.
6.41.27
यज्ञे तपसि दाने च स्थितिः सदिति चोच्यते ।
कर्म चैव तदर्थीयं सादित्येवाभिधीयते ॥ ६.४१.२७ ॥
Steadfastness in sacrifice, austerity and giving is called 'sat'; and an action performed for that sake is likewise called 'sat'.
6.41.28
अश्रद्धया हुतं दत्तं तपस्तप्तं कृतं च यत् ।
असदित्युच्यते पार्थ न च तत्प्रेत्य नो इह ॥ ६.४१.२८ ॥
O Pārtha, whatever is offered, given, austerity performed or deed done without faith is called 'asat'; it yields no fruit either after death or here.