Upaniṣads · Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.8
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Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.8.1
(वाचक्नवीब्राह्मणं, अक्षरब्राह्मणं वा सृष्टिप्रवेशब्राह्मणम्)
अथ ह वाचक्नव्युवाच ब्राह्मणा भगवन्तो हन्ताहमिमं द्वौ प्रश्नौ प्रक्ष्यामि ।
तौ चेन्मे विवक्ष्यति ।
न वै जातु युष्माकमिमं कश्चिद्ब्रह्मोद्यं जेतेति ।
पृच्छ गार्गीति ॥ ३.८.१ ॥
Then Vācaknavī said: Honored brahmins, very well, I will ask this man two questions. If he answers me, none of you will ever defeat me in this contest of brahman. (To Yājñavalkya:) Ask, Gārgī.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.8.2
सा होवाच अहं वै त्वा याज्ञवल्क्य यथा काश्यो वा वैदेहो वोग्रपुत्र उज्ज्यं धनुरधिज्यं कृत्वा द्वौ बाणवन्तौ सपत्नातिव्याधिनौ हस्ते कृत्वोपोत्तिष्ठेदेवमेवाहं त्वा द्वाभ्यां प्रश्नाभ्यामुपोदस्थाम् ।
तौ मे ब्रूहीति ।
पृच्छ गार्गीति ॥ ३.८.२ ॥
She said: Yājñavalkya, just as a man of Kāśī or of Videha, a warrior of the Ugra line, stands with a bowstring drawn and two arrows in hand to pierce his enemies, so I stand before you with two questions. Answer them. (Yājñavalkya:) Ask, Gārgī.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.8.3
सा होवाच यदूर्ध्वं याज्ञवल्क्य दिवो यदवाक्पृथिव्या यदन्तरा द्यावापृथिवी इमे यद्भूतं च भवच्च भविष्यच्चेत्याचक्षते कस्मिंस्तदोतं च प्रोतं चेति ॥ ३.८.३ ॥
She said: Yājñavalkya, that which is above heaven, below earth, between heaven and earth, and which is called past, present and future, in what is it woven and interwoven?
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.8.4
स होवाच यदूर्ध्वं गार्गि दिवो यदवाक्पृथिव्या यदन्तरा द्यावापृथिवी इमे यद्भूतं च भवच्च भविष्यच्चेत्याचक्षत आकाशे तदोतं च प्रोतं चेति ॥ ३.८.४ ॥
He said: Gārgī, that which is above heaven, below earth, between heaven and earth, and which is called past, present and future, is woven and interwoven in ākāśa, space.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.8.5
सा होवच नमस्तेऽस्तु याज्ञवल्क्य यो म एतं व्यवोचोऽपरस्मै धारयस्वेति पृच्छ गार्गीति ॥ ३.८.५ ॥
She said: Yājñavalkya, homage to you. Hold for another what you have declared to me. Gārgī, ask.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.8.6
सा होवाच यदूर्ध्वं याज्ञवल्क्य दिवो यदवाक्पृथिव्या यदन्तरा द्यावापृथिवी इमे यद्भूतं च भवच्च भविष्यच्चेत्याचक्षते कस्मिंस्तदोतं च प्रोतं चेति ॥ ३.८.६ ॥
She said: Yājñavalkya, that which is above heaven, that which is below earth, that which is between heaven and earth, these worlds, and what is called past, present and future — in what is it woven crosswise and lengthwise?
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.8.7
स होवाच यदूर्ध्वं गार्गि दिवो यदवाक्पृथिव्या यदन्तरा द्यावापृथिवी इमे यद्भूतं च भवच्च भविष्यच्चेत्याचक्षत आकाश एव तदोतं च प्रोतं चेति ।
कस्मिन्नु खल्वाकाश ओतश्च प्रोतश्चेति ॥ ३.८.७ ॥
He said: Gārgī, that which is above heaven, that which is below earth, that which is between heaven and earth, these worlds, and what is called past, present and future — they declare it is woven crosswise and lengthwise in space itself. Then in what is space woven crosswise and lengthwise?
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.8.8
स होवाच एतद्वै तदक्षरं गार्गि ब्राह्मणा अभिवदन्त्यस्थूलमनण्वह्रस्वमदीर्घमलोहितमस्नेहमच्छायमतमोऽवाय्वनाकाशमसङ्गमरसमगन्धमचक्षुष्कमश्रोत्रमवागमनोऽतेजस्कमप्राणममुखमगात्रमनन्तरमबाह्यम् ।
न तदश्नाति किं चन ।
न तदश्नाति कश्चन ॥ ३.८.८ ॥
He said: Gārgī, this imperishable (akṣara) is what the brahmins declare: not gross, not minute, not short, not long, not red, not oily, not shadowy, not dark, not airy, not spacious, unattached, tasteless, odourless, without eye, without ear, without speech, without mind, without fire, without breath, without mouth, without body, without inside, without outside. It eats nothing, and nothing eats it.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.8.9
एतस्य वा अक्षरस्य प्रशासने गार्गि सूर्यचन्द्रमसौ विधृतौ तिष्ठतः ।
एतस्य वा अक्षरस्य प्रशासने गार्गि द्यावापृथिव्यौ विधृते तिष्ठतः ।
एतस्य वा अक्षरस्य प्रशासने गार्गि निमेषा मुहूर्ता अहोरात्राण्यर्धमासा मासा ऋतवः संवत्सरा इति विधृतास्तिष्ठन्ति ।
एतस्य वा अक्षरस्य प्रशासने गार्गि प्राच्योऽन्या नद्यः स्यन्दन्ते श्वेतेभ्यः पर्वतेभ्यः प्रतीच्योऽन्या यां यां च दिशमनु ।
एतस्य वा अक्षरस्य प्रशासने गार्गि मनुष्याः प्रशसन्ति यजमानं देवा दर्वीं पितरोऽन्वायत्ताः ॥ ३.८.९ ॥
O Gārgī, under the command of this imperishable (akṣara), the sun and the moon stand held apart. Under the command of this imperishable, O Gārgī, heaven and earth stand held apart. Under the command of this imperishable, O Gārgī, the moments, the hours, the days and nights, the fortnights, the months, the seasons, and the years stand held apart. Under the command of this imperishable, O Gārgī, the other rivers flow from the white mountains, eastward and westward, each in its direction. Under the command of this imperishable, O Gārgī, men praise the sacrificer, the gods the ladle, and the ancestors depend on it.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.8.10
वा अक्षरस्य्
यो वा एतदक्षरं गार्ग्यविदित्वास्मिंल्लोके जुहोति यजते तपस्तप्यते बहूनि वर्षसहस्राण्यन्तवदेवास्य तद्भवति
यो वा एतदक्षरमविदित्वा गार्ग्यविदित्वास्माल्लोकात्प्रैति स कृपणः ।
अथ य एतदक्षरं गार्गि विदित्वास्माल्लोकात्प्रैति स ब्राह्मणः ॥ ३.८.१० ॥
Whoever, O Gārgī, offers oblations, sacrifices, and performs austerities in this world without knowing this imperishable, and does so for many thousands of years, his reward is indeed limited. Whoever, O Gārgī, departs from this world without knowing this imperishable is wretched. But whoever, O Gārgī, departs from this world having known this imperishable is a brāhmaṇa.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.8.11
तद्वा एतदक्षरं गार्ग्यदृष्टं द्रष्ट्रश्रुतं श्रोत्रमतं मन्त्रविज्ञातं विज्ञातृ ।
नान्यदतोऽस्ति द्रष्टृ ।
नान्यदतोऽस्ति श्रोतृ ।
नान्यदतोऽस्ति मन्तृ ।
नान्यदतोऽस्ति विज्ञातृ ।
एतस्मिन्नु खल्वक्षरे गार्ग्याकाश ओतश्च प्रोतश्च ॥ ३.८.११ ॥
This imperishable, O Gārgī, is unseen yet the seer, unheard yet the hearer, unthought yet the thinker, unknown yet the knower. Apart from it there is no seer, no hearer, no thinker, no knower. In this imperishable, O Gārgī, space is woven, warp and weft.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.8.12
सा होवाच ब्राह्मणा भगवन्तस्तदेव बहु मन्यध्वं यदस्मान्नमस्कारेण मुच्येध्वम् ।
न वै जातु युष्माकमिमं कश्चिद्ब्रह्मोद्यं जेतेति ।
ततो ह वाचक्नव्युपरराम ॥ ३.८.१२ ॥
She said: Venerable brāhmaṇas, consider it enough that you are released from me by this mere salutation. For none of you will ever defeat me in this question about brahman. Then Vācaknavī fell silent.