Upaniṣads · Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.1
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Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.1.1
अथ तृतीयोध्यायः ॥
(अश्वलब्राह्मणम्)
जनको ह वैदेहो बहुदक्षिणेन यज्ञेनेजे ।
तत्र ह कुरुपञ्चालानां ब्राह्मणा अभिसमेता बभूवुः ।
तस्य ह जनकस्य वैदेहस्य विजिज्ञासा बभूव कः स्विदेषां ब्राह्मणानामनूचानतम इति ।
स ह गवां सहस्रमवरुरोध ।
दशदश पादा एकैकस्याः शृङ्गयोराबद्धा बभूवुः ॥ ३.१.१ ॥
Now the third chapter. (The Aśvala Brāhmaṇa) King Janaka of Videha performed a sacrifice with abundant gifts. There the brahmins of the Kurus and Pañcālas gathered. Then a desire to know arose in King Janaka of Videha: which of these brahmins is most learned in the Veda? He had a thousand cows penned. On each cow's horns ten points were tied.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.1.2
तान् होवाच ब्राह्मणा भगवन्तो यो वो ब्रह्मिष्ठः स एता गा उदजतामिति ।
ते ह ब्राह्मणा न दधृषुः ।
अथ ह याज्ञवल्क्यः स्वमेव ब्रह्मचारिणमुवाच एताः सौम्योदज सामश्रवा३ इति ।
ता होदाचकार ।
ते ह ब्राह्मणाश्चुक्रुधुः कथं नु नो ब्रह्मिष्ठो ब्रुवीतेति ।
अथ ह जनकस्य वैदेहस्य होताश्वलो बभूव ।
स हैनं पप्रच्छ त्वं नु खलु नो याज्ञवल्क्य ब्रह्मिष्ठोऽसी३ इति ।
स होवाच नमो वयं ब्रह्मिष्ठाय कुर्मो गोकामा एव वयं स्म इति ।
तं ह तत एव प्रष्टुं दध्रे होताश्वलः ॥ ३.१.२ ॥
He said to them, "Venerable brahmins, whichever of you is most learned in brahman, let him drive these cows away." The brahmins dared not. Then Yājñavalkya said to his own student, "Drive them, gentle one, Sāmaśravas." He drove them off. The brahmins grew angry: "How dare he say he is the most learned among us?" Then Aśvala, the hotṛ priest of Janaka of Videha, asked him, "Yājñavalkya, are you the most learned in brahman among us?" He replied, "We bow to the one who knows brahman; we are only desirous of cows." Then the priest Aśvala resolved to question him directly.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.1.3
याज्ञवल्क्येति होवाच यदिदं सर्वं मृत्युनाप्तं सर्वं मृत्युनाभिपन्नं केन यजमानो मृत्योराप्तिमतिमुच्यत इति ।
होत्रर्त्विजाग्निना वाचा ।
वाग्वै यज्ञस्य होता ।
तद्येयं वाक्सोऽयमग्निः स होता सा मुक्तिः सातिमुक्तिः ॥ ३.१.३ ॥
Yājñavalkya, all this is encompassed by death, all is seized by death: by what does the sacrificer pass beyond this encompassing of death and become free? The hotṛ priest replied: by fire, by speech. Speech is the hotṛ of the sacrifice. That which is this speech is this fire, and that is the hotṛ; that is release, that is complete release.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.1.4
याज्ञवल्क्येति होवाच यदिदं सर्वमहोरात्राभ्यामाप्तं सर्वमहोरात्राभ्यामभिपन्नं केन यजमानोऽहोरात्रयोराप्तिमतिमुच्यत इति ।
अध्वर्युणर्त्विजा चक्षुषादित्येन ।
चक्षुर्वै यज्ञस्याध्वर्युः ।
तद्यदिदं चक्षुः सोऽसावादित्यः ।
सोऽध्वर्युः सा मुक्तिः सातिमुक्तिः ॥ ३.१.४ ॥
Yājñavalkya, all this is encompassed by day and night, all is seized by day and night: by what does the sacrificer pass beyond this encompassing of day and night and become free? The adhvaryu priest replied: by the eye, by the sun. The eye is the adhvaryu of the sacrifice. That which is this eye is yonder sun, and he is the adhvaryu; that is release, that is complete release.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.1.5
याज्ञवल्क्येति होवाच यदिदं सर्वं पूर्वपक्षापरपक्षाभ्यामाप्तं सर्वं पूर्वपक्षापरपक्षाभ्यामभिपन्नं केन यजमानः पूर्वपक्षापरपक्षयोराप्तिमतिमुच्यत इति ।
उद्गात्रर्त्विजा वयुना प्राणेन ।
प्राणो वै यज्ञस्योद्गाता ।
तद्योऽयं प्राणः स वायुः स उद्गाता ।
स मुक्तिः सातिमुक्तिः ॥ ३.१.५ ॥
Yājñavalkya, all this is encompassed by the waxing and waning fortnights, all is seized by them: by what does the sacrificer pass beyond this encompassing of the two fortnights and become free? The udgātṛ priest replied: by vayu, by breath. Breath is the udgātṛ of the sacrifice. That which is this breath is this wind, and he is the udgātṛ; that is release, that is complete release.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.1.6
याज्ञवल्क्येति होवाच यदिदमन्तरिक्षमनारम्बणमिव केनाक्रमेण यजमानः स्वर्गं लोकमाक्रमत इति ।
ब्रह्मणर्त्विजा मनसा चन्द्रेण ।
मनो वै यज्ञस्य ब्रह्मा ।
तद्यदिदं मनः सोऽसौ चन्द्रः स ब्रह्मा स मुक्तिः सातिमुक्तिरित्यतिमोक्षा ।
अथ संपदः ॥ ३.१.६ ॥
Yājñavalkya said: "This mid-space, which is as if without support, by what step does the sacrificer ascend to the world of heaven?" By the brahman priest, by the priest, by the mind, by the moon. The mind is the brahman of the sacrifice. That which is this mind — that is yonder moon, that is the brahman, that is release, that is supreme release; thus the great releases. Now the attainments.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.1.7
याज्ञवल्क्येति होवाच कतिभिरयमद्यर्ग्भिर्होतास्मिन् यज्ञे करिष्यतीति ।
तिसृभिरिति ।
कतमास्तास्तिस्र इति ।
पुरोनुवाक्या च याज्या च शस्यैव तृतीया ।
किं ताभिर्जयतीति ।
यत्किञ्चेदं प्राणभृदिति ॥ ३.१.७ ॥
Yājñavalkya said: "With how many verses will the hotar perform in this sacrifice today?" "With three." "Which are those three?" "The preliminary recitation, the offering verse, and the praise verse as the third." "What does one win by them?" "Whatever there is that bears breath."
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.1.8
याज्ञवल्क्येति होवाच कत्ययमद्याध्वर्युरस्मिन् यज्ञ आहुतीर्होष्यतीति ।
तिस्र इति ।
कतमास्तास्तिस्र इति ।
या हुता उज्ज्वलन्ति या हुता अतिनेदन्ति या हुता अधिशेरते ।
किं ताभिर्जयतीति ।
या हुता उज्ज्वलन्ति देवलोकमेव ताभिर्जयति ।
दीप्यत इव हि देवलोको ।
या हुता अतिनेदन्ते पितृलोकमेव ताभिर्जयति ।
अतीव हि पितृलोकः ।
या हुता अधिशेरते मनुष्यलोकमेव ताभिर्जयत्यि ।
अध इव हि मनुष्यलोकः ॥ ३.१.८ ॥
Yājñavalkya said: "How many oblations will the adhvaryu offer today in this sacrifice?" "Three." "Which are those three?" "Those that blaze up when offered, those that spread upward when offered, and those that lie down when offered." "What does one win by them?" "By those that blaze up when offered, one wins the world of the gods, for the world of the gods is as if shining. By those that spread upward when offered, one wins the world of the fathers, for the world of the fathers is far above. By those that lie down when offered, one wins the human world, for the human world is as if below."
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.1.9
याज्ञवल्क्येति होवाच कतिभिरयमद्य ब्रह्मा यज्ञं दक्षिणतो देवताभिर्गोपायतीति ।
एकयेति ।
कतमा सैकेति ।
मन एवेति ।
अनन्तं वै मनोऽनन्ता विश्वे देवाः ।
अनन्तमेव स तेन लोकं जयति ॥ ३.१.९ ॥
Yājñavalkya said: "With how many does the brahman priest today protect the sacrifice on the southern side, together with the deities?" "With one." "Which one?" "Mind, indeed." "Mind is indeed endless, and all the Viśve Devāḥ are endless. By that which is endless, he wins the world."
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.1.10
याज्ञवल्क्येति होवाच कत्ययमद्योद्गातास्मिन् यज्ञे स्तोत्रियाः स्तोष्यतीति ।
तिस्र इति ।
कतमास्तास्तिस्र इति ।
पुरोनुवाक्या च याज्या च शस्यैव तृतीया ।
कतमास्ताः ।
या अध्यात्ममिति ।
प्राण एव पुरोनुवाक्यापानो याज्या व्यानः शस्या ।
किं ताभिर्जयतीति ।
पृथिवीलोकमेव पुरोनुवाक्यया जयत्यन्तरिक्षलोकं याज्यया द्युलोकं शस्यया ।
ततो ह होताश्वल उपरराम ॥ ३.१.१० ॥
Yājñavalkya said: "How many praise-verses (stotriya) will the udgātar chant in this sacrifice today?" "Three." "Which are those three?" "The fore-recitation (purono-anuvākyā), the offering (yājyā), and the third, the recited verse (śasyā)." "Which are those that pertain to the self (adhyātma)?" "Breath (prāṇa) is the fore-recitation, the downward breath (apāna) is the offering, the diffused breath (vyāna) is the recited verse." "What does one win by them?" "By the fore-recitation one wins the earthly world, by the offering the atmospheric world, by the recited verse the heavenly world." Then the hotar Āśvala fell silent.