Upaniṣads · Kauṣītaki 3
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Kauṣītaki 3.1
प्रतर्दनो ह दैवोदासिरिन्द्रस्य प्रियं धामोपजगाम । युद्धेन च पौरुषेण च तं हेन्द्र उवाच । प्रतर्दन वरं ते ददानीति स होवाच प्रतर्दनः । त्वमेव मे वृणीष्व यं त्वं मनुष्याय हिततमं मन्यस इति तं हेन्द्र उवाच । न वै वरोऽवरस्मै वृणीते त्वमेव वृणीष्वेत्येवमरो वै किल म इति होवाच प्रतर्दनोऽथो खल्विन्द्रः सत्यादेव नेयाय । सत्यं हीन्द्रः स होवाच । मामेव विजानीह्येतदेवाहं मनुष्याय हिततमं मन्ये । यन्मां विजानीयात् । त्रिशीर्षाणं त्वाष्ट्रमहनमवाङ्मुखान्यतीन्सालावृकेभ्यः प्रायच्छं बह्वीः सन्धा अतिक्रम्य दिवि प्रह्लादीयानतृणमहमन्तरिक्षे पौलोमान्पृथिव्यां कालखाञ्जान् । तस्य मे तत्र न लोम च मामीयते । स यो मां विजानीयान्नास्य केन च कर्मणा लोको मीयते । न मातृवधेन न पितृवधेन न स्तेयेन न भ्रूणहत्यया नास्य पापं च न चकृषो मुखान्नीलं वेत्तीति ॥ ३.१ ॥
Pratardana, son of Divodāsa, came to the dear abode of Indra by battle and by manly valour. Indra said to him, "Pratardana, I will give you a boon." Pratardana said, "You yourself choose for me that which you deem most beneficial for man." Indra said to him, "One who chooses a boon does not choose for an inferior; you yourself choose." Pratardana said, "Very well, choose that for me." Then Indra did not depart from truth, for Indra is truth. He said, "Know me alone; this I deem most beneficial for man, that he should know me. I slew the three-headed son of Tvaṣṭṛ; I gave the face-down ascetics to the jackals; having transgressed many agreements, I crushed the Prahlādas in heaven, the Pulomans in the atmosphere, the Kālakhañjas on earth, without grass. Not one hair of mine was harmed in them. He who knows me, by no deed is his world diminished: not by the killing of a mother, nor by the killing of a father, nor by theft, nor by the killing of an embryo. No sin clings to him, and no stain falls upon his face."
Kauṣītaki 3.2
स होवाच प्राणोऽस्मि प्रज्ञात्मा तं मामायुरमृतमित्युपास्व । आयुः प्राणः प्राणो वा आयुः प्राण एवाचामृतम् । यावद्ध्यस्मिञ्छरीरे प्राणो वसति तावदायुः । प्राणेन ह्येवामुष्मिंल्लोकेऽमृतत्वमाप्नोति । प्रज्ञया सत्यसङ्कल्पं स यो ममायुरमृतमित्युपास्ते सर्वमायुरस्मिंल्लोक एति । आप्नोत्यमृतत्वमक्षितिं स्वर्गे लोके । तद्धैक आहुरेकभूयं वै प्राणा गच्छन्तीति । न हि कश्चन शक्नुयात्सकृद्वाचा नाम प्रज्ञापयितुं चक्षुषा रूपं श्रोत्रेण शब्दं मनसा ध्यानमित्येकभूयं वै प्राणाः । एकैकमेतानि सर्वाण्येव प्रज्ञापयन्ति । वाचं वदन्ती सर्वे प्राणा अनुवदन्ति । चक्षुः पश्यत्सर्वे प्राणा अनुपश्यन्ति श्रोत्रं शृण्वत्सर्वे प्राणा अनुशृण्वन्ति मनो ध्यायत्सर्वे प्राणा अनुध्यायन्ति प्राणं प्राणन्तं सर्वे प्राणा अनुप्राणन्तीति । एवमुहैवैतदिति हेन्द्र उवाच । अस्तीत्येव प्राणानां निःश्रेयसादानमिति ॥ ३.२ ॥
He said: "I am breath, whose self is consciousness. Meditate on me as life and as immortality. Life is breath, and breath is life; breath is indeed immortality. As long as breath dwells in this body, so long is there life. Through breath alone one attains immortality in the other world. One who meditates on me, with consciousness and a true resolve, as 'my life, my immortality', attains full life in this world and imperishable immortality in the heavenly world." Some say: "The breaths go together into one." But no one can at once make known a name by speech, a form by the eye, a sound by the ear, or a thought by the mind; therefore the breaths are one. Each of these makes known one thing, and all the breaths follow each one. All the breaths follow speech as it speaks; all the breaths follow the eye as it sees; all the breaths follow the ear as it hears; all the breaths follow the mind as it thinks; all the breaths follow breath as it breathes. So indeed it is. Indra said: "Yes, this is so. Taking up the highest good among the breaths is exactly this."
Kauṣītaki 3.3
जीवति वागपेतो मूकान्हि पश्यामो जीवति चक्षुरपेतोऽन्धान्हि पश्यामो जीवति श्रोत्रापेतो बधिरान्हि पश्यामो जीवति मनोपेतो बालान्हि पश्यामो जीवति बाहुच्छिन्नो जीवत्यूरुच्छिन्न इति । एवं हि पश्याम इति । अथ खलु प्राण एव प्रज्ञात्मेदं शरीरं परिगृह्योतथापयति । तस्मादेतदेवोऽथमुपासीत । यो वै प्राणः सा प्रज्ञा या वा प्रज्ञा स प्राणः । सह ह्येतावस्मिञ्छरीरे वसतः सहोत्क्रामतस्तस्यैषैव दृष्टिः । एतद्विज्ञानम् । यत्रैतत्पुरुषः सुप्तः स्वप्नं न कञ्चन पश्यत्यथास्मिन्प्राण एवैकधा भवति । तदैनं वाक्सर्वैर्नामभिः सहाप्येति चक्षुः सर्वै रूपैः सहाप्येति श्रोत्रं सर्वैः शब्दैः सहाप्येति मनः सर्वैर्ध्यातैः सहाप्येति । स यदा प्रतिबुध्यते यथाग्नेर्ज्वलतो सर्वा दिशॊ विस्फुलिङ्गा विप्रतिष्ठेरन्नेवमेवैतस्मादात्मनः प्राणा यथायतनं विप्रतिष्ठन्ते प्राणेभ्यो देवा देवेभ्यो लोकाः । तस्यैषैव सिद्धिरेतद्विज्ञानम् । यत्रैतत्पुरुष आर्तो मरिष्यन्नाबल्यं न्येत्य मोहं नैति तदाहुः । उदक्रमीच्चित्तम् । न शृणोति न पश्यति वाचा वदति न ध्यायत्यथास्मिन्प्राण एवैकधा भवति तदैनं वाक्सर्वैर्नामभिः सहाप्येति चक्षुः सर्वै रूपैः सहाप्येति श्रोत्रं सर्वैः शब्दैः सहाप्येति मनः सर्वैर्ध्यातैः सहाप्येति स यदा प्रतिबुध्यते यथाग्नेर्ज्वलतो विस्फुलिङ्गा विप्रतिष्ठेरन्नेवमेवैतस्मादात्मनः प्राणा यथायतनं विप्रतिष्ठन्ते प्राणेभ्यो देवा देवेभ्यो लोकाः ॥ ३.३ ॥
We see that the mute, deprived of speech, live; that the blind, deprived of sight, live; the deaf, deprived of hearing, live; children, deprived of mind, live; one with an arm cut off lives, one with a thigh cut off lives. Thus we see. Then indeed it is breath alone, with consciousness as its self, that takes hold of this body and raises it up. Therefore one should meditate on this alone. What is breath is consciousness, and what is consciousness is breath. These two dwell together in this body and depart together; this is his vision, this is understanding. When this person sleeps and sees no dream at all, then breath alone becomes one. Then speech goes to him with all names, sight with all forms, hearing with all sounds, and mind with all objects of thought. When he awakens, just as sparks fly from blazing fire in all directions, so from this self the breaths scatter each to its place; from the breaths the gods, from the gods the worlds. This is his perfection, this is understanding. When this person, afflicted and about to die, falls into weakness and unconsciousness, they say: his mind has departed. He does not hear, does not see, speaks with speech but does not think; then breath alone becomes one in him. Then speech goes to him with all names, sight with all forms, hearing with all sounds, and mind with all objects of thought. When he awakens, just as sparks fly from blazing fire, so from this self the breaths scatter each to its place; from the breaths the gods, from the gods the worlds.
Kauṣītaki 3.4
स यदास्माच्छरीरादुत्क्रामति सहैवैतैः सर्वैरुत्क्रामति वागस्मात्सर्वाणि नामान्यभिविसृजते सृजते । वाचा सर्वाणि नामान्याप्नोति प्राणोऽस्मात्सर्वान्गन्धानभिविसृजते प्राणेन सर्वान्गन्धानाप्नोति चक्षुरस्मात्सर्वाणि रूपाण्यभिविसृजते चक्षुषा सर्वाणि रूपाण्याप्नोति श्रोत्रमस्मात्सर्वाञ्च्छब्दानभिविसृजते श्रोत्रेण सर्वाञ्च्छब्दानाप्नोति मनोऽस्मात्सर्वाणि ध्यातान्यभिविसृजते मनसा सर्वाणि ध्यातान्याप्नोति सैषा प्राणे सर्वाप्तिः । यो वै प्राणः सा प्रज्ञा या वा प्रज्ञा स प्राणः स ह ह्येतावस्मिञ्च्छरीरे वसतः सहोत्क्रामतः । अथ खलु यथाऽस्यै प्रज्ञायै सर्वाणि भूतान्येकं भवन्ति तद्व्याख्यास्यामः ॥ ३.४ ॥
When he departs from this body, he departs together with all these. Speech lets go of all names from him, and he attains all names through speech. Breath lets go of all smells from him, and he attains all smells through breath. The eye lets go of all forms from him, and he attains all forms through the eye. The ear lets go of all sounds from him, and he attains all sounds through the ear. The mind lets go of all objects of thought from him, and he attains all objects of thought through the mind. This is the total attainment in breath. What is breath is consciousness (prajñā), and what is consciousness is breath; these two dwell together in this body and depart together. Now, we shall explain how, in this consciousness, all beings become one.
Kauṣītaki 3.5
वागेवास्या एकमङ्गमुदूढं तस्यै नाम परस्तात्प्रतिविहिता भूतमात्रा । घ्राणमेवास्या एकमङ्गमुदूढं तस्य गन्धः परस्तात्प्रतिविहिता भूतमात्रा चक्षुरेवास्या एकमङ्गमुदूढं तस्य रूपं परस्तात्प्रतिविहिता भूतमात्रा श्रोत्रमेवास्या एकमङ्गमुदूढं तस्य शब्दः परस्तात्प्रतिविहिता भूतमात्रा जिह्वैवास्या एकमङ्गमुदूढं तस्यान्नरसः परस्तात्प्रतिविहिता भूतमात्रा हस्तावेवास्या एकमङ्गमुदूढं तयोः कर्म परस्तात्प्रतिविहिता भूतमात्रा शरीरमेवास्या एकमङ्गमुदूढं तस्य सुखदुःखे परस्तात्प्रतिविहिता भूतमात्रा उपस्थ एवास्या एकमङ्गमुदूढं तस्यानन्दो रतिः प्रजातिः परस्तात्प्रतिविहिता भूतमात्रा पादावेवास्या एकमङ्गमुदूढं तयोरित्या परस्तात्प्रतिविहिता भूतमात्रा प्रज्ञैवास्या एकमङ्गमुदूढं तस्यै धियो विज्ञातव्यं कामाः परस्तात्प्रतिविहिता भूतमात्रा ॥ ३.५ ॥
Speech alone is one limb of this (consciousness), carried away; for it there is the name, placed beyond it as the elemental portion. Smell alone is one limb of this, carried away; its odour is the elemental portion placed beyond. The eye alone is one limb of this, carried away; its form is the elemental portion placed beyond. The ear alone is one limb of this, carried away; its sound is the elemental portion placed beyond. The tongue alone is one limb of this, carried away; its taste of food is the elemental portion placed beyond. The two hands alone are one limb of this, carried away; their action is the elemental portion placed beyond. The body alone is one limb of this, carried away; its pleasure and pain are the elemental portion placed beyond. The organ of generation alone is one limb of this, carried away; its joy, delight and offspring are the elemental portion placed beyond. The two feet alone are one limb of this, carried away; their going is the elemental portion placed beyond. Consciousness alone is one limb of this, carried away; for it there are things to be known by thought and desires, placed beyond as the elemental portion.
Kauṣītaki 3.6
प्रज्ञया वाचं समारुह्य वाचा सर्वाणि सामान्याप्नोति । प्रज्ञया प्राणं समारुह्य प्राणेन सर्वान्गन्धानाप्नोति प्रज्ञया चक्षुः समारुह्य चक्षुषा सर्वाणि रूपाण्याप्नोति प्रज्ञया श्रोत्रं समारुह्य श्रोत्रेण सर्वाञ्च्छब्दानाप्नोति प्रज्ञया जिह्वां समारुह्य जिह्वया सर्वानन्नरसानाप्नोति प्रज्ञया हस्तौ समारुह्य हस्ताभ्यां सर्वाणि कर्माण्याप्नोति प्रज्ञया शरीरं समारुह्य शरीरेण सुखदुःखे आप्नोति प्रज्ञयोपस्थं समारुह्योपस्थेनानन्दं रतिं प्रज्ञामाप्नोति प्रज्ञया पादौ समारुह्य पादाभ्यां सर्वा इत्या आप्नोति प्रज्ञयैव धियं समारुह्य प्रज्ञयैव धियो विज्ञातव्यं कामानाप्नोति ॥ ३.६ ॥
By consciousness, having mounted speech, one attains through speech all the chants. By consciousness, having mounted breath, one attains through breath all odours. By consciousness, having mounted the eye, one attains through the eye all forms. By consciousness, having mounted the ear, one attains through the ear all sounds. By consciousness, having mounted the tongue, one attains through the tongue all the tastes of food. By consciousness, having mounted the hands, one attains through the hands all actions. By consciousness, having mounted the body, one attains through the body pleasure and pain. By consciousness, having mounted the genital organ, one attains through it delight and enjoyment. By consciousness, having mounted the feet, one attains through the feet all goings. By consciousness, having mounted the intellect (dhī) itself, one attains through the intellect the desires that are to be known.
Kauṣītaki 3.7
न हि प्रज्ञापेता वाङ्नाम किञ्चन प्रज्ञपयेदन्यत्र मे मनोऽभूदित्याह । नाहमेतन्नाम प्राज्ञासिषमिति । न हि प्रज्ञापेतः प्राणो गन्धं कञ्चन प्रज्ञपयेदन्यत्र मे मनोऽभूदित्याह नाहमेतं गन्धं प्राज्ञासिषमिति । न हि प्रज्ञापेतं चक्षू रूपं किञ्चन प्रज्ञपयेदन्यत्र मे मनोऽभूदित्याह । नाहमेतद्रूपं प्राज्ञासिषमिति न प्रज्ञापेतं श्रोत्रं शब्दं कञ्चन प्रज्ञपयेदन्यत्र मे मनोऽभूदित्याह । नाहमेतं शब्दं प्राज्ञासिषमिति न हि प्रज्ञापेता जिह्वान्नरसं कञ्चन प्रज्ञपयेदन्यत्र मे मनोऽभूदित्याह । नाहमेतमन्नरसं प्राज्ञासिषमिति न प्रज्ञापेतौ हतौ कर्म किञ्चन प्रज्ञपयेतामन्यत्र मे मनोऽभूदित्याह नाहमेतत्कर्म प्राज्ञासिषमिति न हि प्रज्ञापेतं शरीरं सुखदुःखं किञ्चन प्रज्ञपयेदन्यत्र मे मनोऽभूदित्याह नाहमेतत्सुखदुःखं प्राज्ञासिषमिति न हि प्रज्ञापेत उपस्थ आनन्दं रतिं प्रजातिं काञ्चन प्रज्ञपयेदन्यत्र मे मनोऽभूदित्याह । नाहमेतमानन्दं न रतिं प्रजातिं प्राज्ञासिषमिति न हि प्रज्ञापेतौ पादावित्यां काञ्चन प्रज्ञापयेतामन्यत्र मे मनोऽभूदित्याह । नाहमेतामित्यां प्राज्ञसिषमिति न हि प्रज्ञापेता धीः काचन सिद्ध्येन्न प्रज्ञातव्यं प्रज्ञायेत् ॥ ३.७ ॥
For speech, the faculty of knowing, cannot make any name known, saying, 'Were it not for my mind, I would not have known this name.' Breath cannot make any smell known, saying, 'Were it not for my mind, I would not have known this smell.' The eyes cannot make any form known, saying, 'Were it not for my mind, we would not have known this form.' The ears cannot make any sound known, saying, 'Were it not for my mind, we would not have known this sound.' The tongue, the faculty of knowing, cannot make any taste of food known, saying, 'Were it not for my mind, I would not have known this taste of food.' The two hands cannot make any action known, saying, 'Were it not for my mind, we would not have known this action.' The body cannot make pleasure and pain known, saying, 'Were it not for my mind, I would not have known this pleasure and pain.' The genital organ cannot make bliss, delight, or procreation known, saying, 'Were it not for my mind, I would not have known this bliss, delight, or procreation.' The two feet cannot make any walking known, saying, 'Were it not for my mind, we would not have known this walking.' For the intellect, the faculty of knowing, cannot bring about any success; what is to be known is not known.
Kauṣītaki 3.8
न वाचं विजिज्ञासीत वक्तारं विद्यान्न गन्धं विजिज्ञासीत घ्रातारं विद्यान्न रूपं विजिज्ञासीत रूपविद्यं विद्यान्न शब्दं विजिज्ञासीत श्रोतारं विद्यान्नान्नरसं विजिज्ञासीतान्नरसविज्ञातारं विद्यान्न कर्म विजिज्ञासीत कर्तारं विद्यान्न सुखदुःखे विजिज्ञासीत सुखदुःखयोर्विज्ञातारं विद्यान्नानन्दं न रतिं न प्रजातिं विजिज्ञासीतानन्दस्य रतेः प्रजातेर्विज्ञातारं विद्यान्नेत्यां विजिज्ञासीतैतारं विद्यात् । न मनो विजिज्ञासीत मन्तारं विद्यात् । ता वा एता दशैव भूतमात्रा अधिप्रज्ञं दश प्रज्ञामात्रा अधिभूतं यद्धि भूतमात्रा न स्युर्न प्रज्ञामात्राः स्युर्यद्वा प्रज्ञामात्रा न स्युर्न भूतमात्राः स्युः ॥ ३.८ ॥
Do not desire to know speech; one should know the speaker. Do not desire to know smell; one should know the smeller. Do not desire to know form; one should know the knower of form. Do not desire to know sound; one should know the hearer. Do not desire to know the taste of food; one should know the knower of the taste of food. Do not desire to know action; one should know the doer. Do not desire to know pleasure and pain; one should know the knower of pleasure and pain. Do not desire to know bliss, delight, or offspring; one should know the knower of bliss, delight, and offspring. Do not desire to know the act of seeing; one should know the seer. Do not desire to know the mind; one should know the thinker. These are indeed the ten elemental measures, pertaining to cognition, and the ten measures of cognition, pertaining to the elements; for if the elemental measures were not, the measures of cognition would not be, and if the measures of cognition were not, the elemental measures would not be.
Kauṣītaki 3.9
न ह्यन्यतरतो रूपं किञ्चन सिद्ध्येन्नो एतन्नाना तद्यथा रथस्यारेषु नेमिरर्पिता नाभावरा अर्पिता एवमेवैता भूतमात्राः प्रज्ञामात्रास्वर्पिताः प्रज्ञामात्राः प्राणेऽर्पिताः स एष प्राण एव प्रज्ञात्मानन्दोऽजरोऽमृतः । न साधुना कर्मणा भूयान्नो एवासाधुना कनीयान् । एष ह्येवैनं साधुकर्म कारयति तं यमेभ्यो लोकेभ्यो उन्निनीषत एष उ एवैनमसाधु कर्म कारयति तं यमधो निनीषते । एष लोकपाल एष लोकाधिपतिरेष सर्वेश्वरः स म आत्मेति विद्यात्स म आत्मेति विद्यात् ॥ ३.९ ॥
Form is not perfected from either one alone; it is manifold. Just as the rim is fixed to the spokes of a chariot, and the spokes are fixed to the hub, so these elemental measures are fixed in the measures of cognition, and the measures of cognition are fixed in breath. This breath is indeed the self of cognition, bliss, ageless and immortal. It is not increased by good deed, nor diminished by evil deed. This very breath causes a man to do good deeds whom it wishes to lead up from these worlds; and this very breath causes him to do evil deeds whom it wishes to lead downward. This is the guardian of the worlds, this is the lord of the worlds, this is the lord of all. One should know: he is my self; one should know: he is my self.