Upaniṣads · Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.1
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Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.1.1
(षडाचार्यब्राह्मणं वा उदंकब्राह्मणम् )
जनको ह वैदेह आसां चक्रे ।
अथ ह याज्ञवल्क्य आवव्राज ।
तं होवाच याज्ञवल्क्य किमर्थमचारीः पशूनिच्छनण्वन्तानीति ।
उभयमेव संराडिति होवाच ॥ ४.१.१ ॥
(The Brahmana of the Six Teachers, or the Brahmana of Udanka) Janaka, king of Videha, performed a sacrifice for them. Then Yājñavalkya came. Janaka said to him: 'Yājñavalkya, for what purpose have you wandered, desiring cattle, with fine threads (wealth)?' He replied: 'Emperor, both.'
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.1.2
यत्ते कश्चिदब्रवीत्तच्छृणवामेति ।
अब्रवीन्मे जित्वा शैलिनिः वाग्वै ब्रह्मेति ।
यथा मातृमान् पितृमानाचार्यवान् ब्रूयात्तथा तच्छैलिनिरब्रवीद्वाग्वै ब्रह्मेति ।
अवदतो हि किं स्यादिति ।
अब्रवीत्तु ते तस्यायतनं प्रतिष्ठाम् ।
न मेऽब्रवीदिति ।
एकपाद्वा एतत्सम्राडिति ।
स वै नो ब्रूहि याज्ञवल्क्य ।
वागेवायतनमाकाशः प्रतिष्ठा प्रज्ञेत्येनदुपासीत ।
का प्रज्ञता याज्ञवल्क्य ।
वागेव सम्राडिति होवाच ।
वाचा वै सम्राड्बन्धुः प्रज्ञायते ।
ऋग्वेदो यजुर्वेदः सामवेदोऽथर्वाङ्गिरस इतिहासः पुराणं विद्या उपनिषदः श्लोकाः सूत्राण्यनुव्याख्यानानि व्याख्यानानीष्टं हुतमाशितं पायितमयं च लोकः परश्च लोकः सर्वाणि च भूतानि वाचैव संराट्प्रज्ञायन्ते ।
वाग्वै सम्राट्परमं ब्रह्म ।
नैनं वाग्जहाति ।
सर्वाण्येनं भूतान्यभिक्षरन्ति ।
देवो भूत्वा देवानप्येति ।
य एवं विद्वानेतदुपास्ते ।
हस्त्यृषभं सहस्रं ददामीति होवाच जनको वैदेहः ।
स होवाच याज्ञवल्क्यः पिता मेऽमन्यत नाननुशिष्य हरेतेति ॥ ४.१.२ ॥
Yājñavalkya said: Let us hear what someone said to you. Śailini defeated me in debate and declared that speech is brahman. Just as a man with a mother, a father, and a teacher would speak, so Śailini spoke, saying that speech is brahman. What good is it to one who speaks without knowing? He told you its support and foundation, but he did not tell me. Indeed, that is one-footed, O sovereign. Now tell us, O Yājñavalkya. Speech is the support, space the foundation, and consciousness; so one should meditate. What is this consciousness, O Yājñavalkya? Speech itself, O sovereign. Through speech alone, O sovereign, a kinsman is known. The Ṛg Veda, the Yajur Veda, the Sāma Veda, the Atharvāṅgiras, history, the Purāṇas, the sciences, the Upaniṣads, verses, aphorisms, explanations, commentaries, sacrifice, oblation, food, drink, this world and the other world, and all beings are known through speech alone, O sovereign. Speech itself, O sovereign, is supreme brahman. Speech does not forsake him; all beings flow toward him; becoming a god, he reaches the gods, one who knows this and meditates upon it. Janaka of Videha said: I will give a thousand cows, each like an elephant. Yājñavalkya said: My father thought one should not accept without teaching.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.1.3
यदेव ते कश्चिदब्रवीत्तच्छृणवामेति ।
अब्रवीन्म उदङ्कः शौल्बायनः ।
प्राणो वै ब्रह्मेति ।
यथा मातृमान् पितृमानाचार्यवान् ब्रूयात्तथा तच्छौल्बायनोऽब्रवीत्प्राणो वै ब्रह्मेति ।
अप्राणतो हि किं स्यादिति ।
अब्रवीत्तु ते तस्यायतनं प्रतिष्ठाम् ।
न मेऽब्रवीदिति ।
एकपाद्वा एतत्सम्राडिति ।
स वै नो ब्रूहि याज्ञवल्क्य ।
प्राण एवायतनमाकाशः प्रतिष्ठा ।
प्रियमित्येनदुपासीत ।
का प्रियता याज्ञवल्क्य ।
प्राण एव सम्राडिति होवाच ।
प्राणस्य वै सम्राट्कामायायाज्यं याजयति ।
अप्रतिगृह्यस्य प्रतिगृह्णाति ।
अपि तत्र वधाशङ्का भवति यां दिशमेति प्राणस्यैव सम्राट्कामाय ।
प्राणो वै सम्राट्परमं ब्रह्म ।
नैनं प्राणो जहाति ।
सर्वाण्येनं भूतान्यभिक्षरन्ति ।
देवो भूत्वा देवानप्येति ।
य एवं विद्वानेतदुपास्ते ।
हस्त्यृषभं सहस्रं ददामीति होवाच जनको वैदेहह् ।
स होवाच याज्ञवल्क्यः पिता मेऽमन्यत नाननुशिष्य हरेतेति ॥ ४.१.३ ॥
Janaka said: "Let us hear what someone has said to you." Udaṅka Śaulbāyana said to me: "Breath (prāṇa) is brahman." Just as one who has a mother, a father and a teacher would speak, so Śaulbāyana said: "Breath is brahman." "What would there be without breath?" I asked; he said he would tell me its abode and foundation, but he did not tell me. "This is a one-footed sovereign." Yājñavalkya, tell us that. Yājñavalkya said: "Breath is indeed the abode, space (ākāśa) is the foundation. One should meditate on this as dear." "Yājñavalkya, what is dearness?" "Breath indeed, O sovereign." He said: "For the sake of breath, a sovereign has someone sacrifice for whom one should not sacrifice, and accepts gifts from one from whom one should not accept. Even there is fear of death in the direction one goes for the sake of breath." "Breath is indeed the supreme brahman." Breath does not abandon him; all beings flow toward him. One who, knowing thus, meditates on this becomes a god and reaches the gods. Janaka of Videha said: "I will give a bull, best among elephants, and a thousand (cows)." Yājñavalkya said: "My father thought one should not take (anything) without being taught."
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.1.4
यदेव ते कश्चिदब्रवीत्तच्छृणवामेति ।
अब्रवीन्मे बर्कुर्वार्ष्णः ।
चक्षुर्वै ब्रह्मेति ।
यथा मातृमान् पितृमानाचार्यवान् ब्रूयात्तथा तद्वार्ष्णोऽब्रवीच्चक्षुर्वै ब्रह्मेति ।
अपश्यतो हि किं स्यादिति ।
अब्रवीत्तु ते तस्यायतनं प्रतिष्ठाम् ।
न मेऽब्रवीदिति ।
एकपाद्वा एतत्सम्राडिति ।
स वै नो ब्रूहि याज्ञवल्क्य ।
चक्षुरेवायतनमाकाशः प्रतिष्ठा ।
सत्यमित्येतदुपासीत ।
का सत्यता याज्ञवल्क्य ।
चक्षुरेव सम्राडिति होवाच ।
चक्षुषा वै सम्राट्पश्यन्तमाहुरद्राक्षीरिति ।
स आहाद्राक्षमिति तत्सत्यं भवति ।
चक्षुर्वै सम्राट्परमं ब्रह्म ।
नैनं चक्षुर्जहाति ।
सर्वाण्येनं भूतान्यभिक्षरन्ति ।
देवो भूत्वा देवानप्येति ।
य एवं विद्वानेतदुपास्ते ।
हस्त्यृषभं सहस्रं ददामीति होवाच जनको वैदेहः ।
स होवाच याज्ञवल्क्यः पिता मेऽमन्यत नाननुशिष्य हरेतेति ॥ ४.१.४ ॥
Whatever someone has told you, let us hear it. Barku Vārṣṇa told me: "The eye is brahman." As one who has a mother, a father, and a teacher would speak, so Vārṣṇa said that the eye is brahman. For one who does not see, what would it be? But he told you its support and foundation. He did not tell me. This is one-footed, O emperor. So, Yājñavalkya, tell us. The eye itself is its support, space its foundation. It should be meditated upon as truth. What is truthfulness, Yājñavalkya? The eye itself, O emperor, he said. To one who sees, they say, "Have you seen?" and he says, "I have seen," then that is truth. The eye, O emperor, is the supreme brahman. The eye does not abandon him. All beings flow toward him. Becoming a god, he reaches the gods. He who knows this thus meditates upon it. "I will give a thousand cows with elephant and bull," said Janaka of Videha. Yājñavalkya said: "My father thought that one should not take without instructing."
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.1.5
यदेव ते कश्चिदब्रवीत्तच्छृणवामेति ।
अब्रवीन्मे गर्दभीविपीतो भारद्वाजः ।
श्रोत्रं वै ब्रह्मेति ।
यथा मातृमान् पितृमानाचार्यवान् ब्रूयात्तथा तद्भारद्वाजोऽब्रवीच्छ्रोत्रं वै ब्रह्मेति ।
अशृण्वतो हि किं स्यादिति ।
अब्रवीत्तु ते तस्यायतनं प्रतिष्ठाम् ।
न मेऽब्रवीदिति ।
एकपाद्वा एतत्सम्राडिति ।
स वै नो ब्रूहि याज्ञवल्क्य ।
श्रोत्रमेवायतनमाकाशः प्रतिष्ठानन्तमित्येनदुपासीत ।
कानन्तता याज्ञवल्क्य ।
दिश एव सम्राडिति होवाच ।
तस्माद्वै सम्राडपि यां काञ्च दिशं गच्छति नैवास्या अन्तं गच्छति ।
अनन्ता हि दिशः ।
दिशो वै सम्राट्श्रोत्रम् ।
श्रोत्रं वै सम्राट्परमं ब्रह्म ।
नैनं श्रोत्रं जहाति ।
सर्वाण्येनं भूतान्यभिक्षरन्ति ।
देवो भूत्वा देवानप्येति ।
य एवं विद्वानेतदुपास्ते ।
हस्त्यृषभं सहस्रं ददामीति होवाच जनको वैदेहः ।
स होवाच याज्ञवल्क्यः पिता मेऽमन्यत नाननुशिष्य हरेतेति ॥ ४.१.५ ॥
If someone has said anything to you, we would like to hear it. Gardabhīvipīta of the Bhāradvāja line told me: "Hearing is brahman." As one who has a mother, a father, and a teacher would speak, so Bhāradvāja said: "Hearing is brahman." For one who does not hear, what could there be? He also said that its abode and support had not been told to me. This is one-footed, O sovereign. So, Yājñavalkya, tell us that. Hearing is the abode, space is the support, endless: one should meditate on it thus. Yājñavalkya, what is endlessness? The directions indeed, O sovereign, he said. Therefore, O sovereign, whatever direction one goes, one does not reach its end, for the directions are endless. The directions indeed, O sovereign, are hearing. Hearing indeed, O sovereign, is the supreme brahman. Hearing does not abandon him. All beings flow toward him. Becoming a god, he reaches the gods, one who knows thus and meditates on this. Janaka of Videha said: "I will give a thousand, with elephants and bulls." Yājñavalkya said: "My father thought one should not take without instructing."
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.1.6
यदेव ते कश्चिदब्रवीत्तच्छृणवामेति ।
अब्रवीन्मे सत्यकामो जाबालः मनो वै ब्रह्मेति ।
यथा मातृमान् पितृमानाचार्यवान् ब्रूयात्तथा तज्जाबालोऽब्रवीन्मनो वै ब्रह्मेति ।
अमनसो हि किं स्यादिति ।
अब्रवीत्तु ते तस्यायतनं प्रतिष्ठाम् ।
न मेऽब्रवीदिति ।
एकपाद्वा एतत्सम्राडिति ।
स वै नो ब्रूहि याज्ञावल्क्य ।
मन एवायतनमाकाशः प्रतिष्ठानन्द इत्येनदुपासीत ।
कानन्दता याज्ञवल्क्य ।
मन एव सम्राडिति होवाच मनसा वै सम्राट्स्त्रियमभि हार्यति तस्यां प्रतिरूपः पुत्रो जायते ।
स आनन्दः ।
मनो वै सम्राट्परमं ब्रह्म ।
नैनं मनो जहाति ।
सर्वाण्येनं भूतान्यभिक्षरन्ति ।
देवो भूत्वा देवानप्येति ।
य एवं विद्वानेतदुपास्ते ।
हस्त्यृषभं सहस्रं ददामीति होवाच जनको वैदेहः ।
स होवाच याज्ञवल्क्यः पिता मेऽमन्यत नाननुशिष्य हरेतेति ॥ ४.१.६ ॥
Whatever someone has told you, let us hear it. Satyakāma Jābāla told me: mind is brahman. As one who has a mother, a father, and a teacher would say, so Jābāla's son said: mind is brahman. What would there be without mind? But he did not tell you its support and foundation, nor did he tell me. It is one-footed, sovereign. Yājñavalkya, tell us that. Mind is its support, space its foundation, and bliss—thus it should be meditated upon. Yājñavalkya, what is its blissfulness? Mind indeed, sovereign, he said. By mind the sovereign approaches a woman, and a son resembling him is born of her. That is bliss. Mind indeed, sovereign, is supreme brahman. Mind does not forsake him; all beings flow toward him. Having become a god, he goes to the gods. Such is one who, knowing thus, meditates upon this. King Janaka of Videha said: I will give a thousand elephant-bulls. Yājñavalkya said: My father thought one should not take without teaching.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.1.7
यदेव ते कश्चिदब्रवीत्तच्छृणवामेति ।
अब्रवीन्मे विदग्धः शाकल्यः ।
हृदयं वै ब्रह्मेति ।
यथा मातृमान् पितृमानाचार्यवान् ब्रूयात्तथा तच्छाकल्योऽब्रवीद्धृदयं वै ब्रह्मेति ।
अहृदयस्य हि किं स्यादिति ।
अब्रवीत्तु ते तस्यायतनं प्रतिष्ठाम् ।
न मेऽब्रवीदिति ।
एकपाद्वा एतत्सम्राडिति ।
स वै नो ब्रूहि याज्ञवल्क्य ।
हृदयमेवायतनमाकाशः प्रतिष्ठा ।
स्थितिरित्येनदुपासीत ।
का स्थितिता याज्ञवल्क्य ।
हृदयमेव सम्राडिति होवाच ।
हृदयं वै सम्राट्सर्वेषां भूतानामायतनम् ।
हृदयं वै सम्राट्सर्वेषां भूतानां प्रतिष्ठा ।
हृदये ह्येव सम्राट्सर्वाणि भूतानि प्रतिष्ठितानि भवन्ति ।
हृदयं वै सम्राट्परमं ब्रह्म ।
नैनं हृदयं जहाति ।
सर्वाण्येनं भूतान्यभिक्षरन्ति ।
देवो भूत्वा देवानप्येति ।
य एवं विद्वानेतदुपास्ते ।
हस्त्यृषभं सहस्रं ददामीति होवाच जनको वैदेहः ।
स होवाच याज्ञवल्क्यः पिता मेऽमन्यत नाननुशिष्य हरेतेति ॥ ४.१.७ ॥
Whatever someone has told you, we wish to hear. The learned Śākalya told me: the heart is brahman. Just as one who has a mother, a father and a teacher would speak, so Śākalya said, 'the heart is brahman.' What would become of one without a heart? He told you its support and foundation, but he did not tell me. This is the one-footed emperor. Yājñavalkya, tell us. The heart is the support, space is the foundation. It should be meditated upon as standing-place. Yājñavalkya, what is that standing-place? Emperor, it is the heart, he said. The heart, emperor, is the support of all beings. The heart, emperor, is the foundation of all beings. In the heart, emperor, all beings are established. The heart, emperor, is supreme brahman. The heart does not forsake him; all beings flow toward him. Becoming a god, he also goes to the gods. He who knows thus meditates upon this. Janaka of Videha said: I will give a thousand elephants and a bull among elephants. Yājñavalkya said: My father thought one should not take without teaching.