Upaniṣads · Muṇḍaka 1.1
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Muṇḍaka 1.1.1
ॐ ब्रह्मा देवानां प्रथमः संबभूव विश्वस्य कर्ता
भुवनस्य गोप्ता ।
स ब्रह्मविद्यां सर्वविद्याप्रतिष्ठामथर्वाय
ज्येष्ठपुत्राय प्राह ॥ १.१.१ ॥
Om. Brahmā was the first of the gods to come into being, the maker of the universe and the protector of the world. He declared the knowledge of brahman, the foundation of all knowledge, to Atharvan, his eldest son.
Muṇḍaka 1.1.2
अथर्वणे यां प्रवदेत ब्रह्माऽथर्वा तं
पुरोवाचाङ्गिरे ब्रह्मविद्याम् ।
स भारद्वाजाय सत्यवाहाय प्राह
भारद्वाजोऽङ्गिरसे परावराम् ॥ १.१.२ ॥
The knowledge of brahman that Brahmā declared to Atharvan, Atharvan first told to Aṅgiras. Aṅgiras told it to Satyavāha Bhāradvāja, and Bhāradvāja declared the higher and lower knowledge to Aṅgiras.
Muṇḍaka 1.1.3
शौनको ह वै महाशालोऽङ्गिरसं विधिवदुपसन्नः पप्रच्छ ।
कस्मिन्नु भगवो विज्ञाते सर्वमिदं विज्ञातं भवतीति ॥ १.१.३ ॥
Śaunaka, the great householder, approached Aṅgiras as the rule prescribes and asked: 'Revered sir, by knowing what does everything become known?'
Muṇḍaka 1.1.4
तस्मै स होवाच ।
द्वे विद्ये वेदितव्ये इति ह स्म
यद्ब्रह्मविदो वदन्ति परा चैवापरा च ॥ १.१.४ ॥
He said to him: 'There are two knowledges to be known' — so say those who know brahman — the higher and the lower.
Muṇḍaka 1.1.5
तत्रापरा ऋग्वेदो यजुर्वेदः सामवेदोऽथर्ववेदः
शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दो ज्योतिषमिति ।
अथ परा यया तदक्षरमधिगम्यते ॥ १.१.५ ॥
Among these, the lower knowledge is the Ṛg Veda, Yajur Veda, Sāma Veda, and Atharva Veda, together with phonetics, ritual rules, grammar, etymology, metre and astronomy. The higher knowledge is that by which the imperishable is attained.
Muṇḍaka 1.1.6
यत्तदद्रेश्यमग्राह्यमगोत्रमवर्ण-
मचक्षुःश्रोत्रं तदपाणिपादम् ।
नित्यं विभुं सर्वगतं सुसूक्ष्मं
तदव्ययं यद्भूतयोनिं परिपश्यन्ति धीराः ॥ १.१.६ ॥
That which is unseen, ungraspable, without lineage, without colour, without eye or ear, without hands or feet, eternal, all-pervading, present everywhere and exceedingly subtle, that is the undecaying, the source of beings, which the wise behold everywhere.
Muṇḍaka 1.1.7
यथोर्णनाभिः सृजते गृह्णते च
यथा पृथिव्यामोषधयः संभवन्ति ।
यथा सतः पुरुषात् केशलोमानि
तथाऽक्षरात् संभवतीह विश्वम् ॥ १.१.७ ॥
As a spider sends forth and draws back its thread, as herbs grow out of the earth, and as hair and body-hair arise from a living person, so from the imperishable arises the whole universe here.
Muṇḍaka 1.1.8
तपसा चीयते ब्रह्म ततोऽन्नमभिजायते ।
अन्नात् प्राणो मनः सत्यं लोकाः कर्मसु चामृतम् ॥ १.१.८ ॥
By austerity brahman grows; from it food is produced. From food arise breath, mind, truth, the worlds, and immortality in actions.
Muṇḍaka 1.1.9
यः सर्वज्ञः सर्वविद्यस्य ज्ञानमयं तापः ।
तस्मादेतद्ब्रह्म नाम रूपमन्नं च जायाते ॥ १.१.९ ॥
He who is all-knowing, who knows everything, whose austerity (tapas) consists of knowledge: from him arise this brahman, name, form, and food.