Upaniṣads · Kauṣītaki 4
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Kauṣītaki 4.1
अथ गार्ग्यो ह वै बालाकिरनूचानः संस्पृष्ट आस सोऽयमुशिनरेषु संवसन्मत्स्येषु कुरुपञ्चालेषु काशीविदेहेष्विति सहाजातशत्रुं काश्यमेत्योवाच । ब्रह्म ते ब्रवाणीति तं होवाच अजातशत्रुः । सहस्रं दद्मस्त इत्येतस्यां वाचि जनको जनक इति वा उ जना धावन्तीति ॥ ४.१ ॥
Now Gārgya Bālāki, a learned scholar who had been dwelling among the Uśīnaras, the Matsyas, the Kurus and Pañcālas, and the Kāśīs and Videhas, came to Ajātaśatru, the king of Kāśī, and said: "I will tell you brahman." Ajātaśatru said to him: "For this speech we give you a thousand. People run crying, 'Janaka, Janaka!'"
Kauṣītaki 4.2
स होवाच बालाकिर्य एवैष आदित्ये पुरुषस्तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठाः । बृहत्पाण्डरवासा अतिष्ठाः सर्वेषां भूतानां मूर्धेति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो हैतमेवमुपास्तेऽतिष्ठाः सर्वेषां भूतानां मूर्धा भवति ॥ ४.२ ॥
Bālāki said: "I venerate that person who is in the sun, as the head of all beings, standing above them, great, clad in white." Ajātaśatru said to him: "Do not argue with me about him. I venerate him as the head of all beings, standing above all beings, great, clad in white. Whoever venerates him thus becomes the head of all beings, standing above them."
Kauṣītaki 4.3
स होवाचा बालाकिर्य एवैष चन्द्रमसि पुरुषस्तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठाः सोमो राजान्नस्यात्मेति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो मेवमुपास्तेऽन्नस्यात्मा भवति ॥ ४.३ ॥
Bālāki said: "I venerate that person who is in the moon." Ajātaśatru said to him: "Do not argue with me about him. I venerate him as Soma the king, the ātman of food. Whoever venerates him thus becomes the ātman of food."
Kauṣītaki 4.4
स होवाच बालाकिर्य एवैष विद्युति पुरुषस्तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठास्तेजस आत्मेति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो हैतमेवमुपास्ते तेजस आत्मा भवति ॥ ४.४ ॥
Bālāki said: "I venerate that person who is in lightning." Ajātaśatru said to him: "Do not argue with me about him. I venerate him as the ātman of brilliance (tejas). Whoever venerates him thus becomes the ātman of brilliance."
Kauṣītaki 4.5
स होवाच बालाकिर्य एवैष स्तनयित्नौ पुरुषस्तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठाः शब्दस्यात्मेति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो हैतमेवमुपास्ते शब्दस्यात्मा भवति ॥ ४.५ ॥
Bālāki said: "I venerate that person who is in thunder." Ajātaśatru said to him: "Do not argue with me about him. I venerate him as the ātman of sound. Whoever venerates him thus becomes the ātman of sound."
Kauṣītaki 4.6
स होवाच बालाकिर्य एवैष आकाशे पुरुषस्तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठाः पूर्णमप्रवर्ति ब्रह्मेति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो हैतमेवमुपास्ते पूर्यते प्रजया पशुभिर्नो एव स्वयं नास्य प्रजा पुरा कालात्प्रवर्तते ॥ ४.६ ॥
He said: Bālāki, I worship that person who is in space. Then Ajātaśatru said to him: Do not argue about this. I worship it as the full, unmoving brahman. Whoever worships it in this way is filled with offspring and cattle; his progeny does not depart from him before its time.
Kauṣītaki 4.7
स होवाच बालाकिर्य एवैष वायौ पुरुषस्तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठा इन्द्रो वैकुण्ठोऽपराजिता सेनेति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो हैतमेवमुपास्ते । जिष्णुर्ह वापराजिष्णुरन्यतस्यजायी भवति ॥ ४.७ ॥
He said: Bālāki, I worship that person who is in the wind. Then Ajātaśatru said to him: Do not argue about this. I worship it as Indra, Vaikuṇṭha, the unconquered army. Whoever worships it in this way becomes victorious; he is not conquered by others, and no one becomes his conqueror.
Kauṣītaki 4.8
स होवाच बालाकिर्य एवैषोऽग्नौ पुरुषस्तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठा विषासहिरिति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो हैतमेवमुपास्ते विषासहिर्वान्वेष भवति ॥ ४.८ ॥
He said: Bālāki, I worship that person who is in fire. Then Ajātaśatru said to him: Do not argue about this. I worship it as the all-enduring, the overcomer. Whoever worships it in this way becomes all-enduring and an overcomer.
Kauṣītaki 4.9
स होवाच बालाकिर्य एवैषोऽप्सु पुरुषस्तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठा नाम्न्यस्यात्मेति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो हैतमेवमुपास्ते नाम्न्यस्यात्मा भवतीत्यधिदैवतमथाध्यात्मम् ॥ ४.९ ॥
He said: Bālāki, I worship that person who is in water. Then Ajātaśatru said to him: Do not argue about this. I worship it as having its self (ātman) in the name. Whoever worships it in this way has his self in the name — this is the divine (adhidaivata) aspect; now the inner (adhyātma) aspect.
Kauṣītaki 4.10
स होवाच बालाकिर्य एवैष आदर्शे पुरुषस्तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठाः प्रतिरूप इति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो हैतमेवमुपास्ते प्रतिरूपो हैवास्य प्रजायामाजायते नाप्रतिरूपः ॥ ४.१० ॥
Bālāki said: 'This person who is seen in the mirror, that very one I meditate upon.' Ajātaśatru said to him: 'Do not argue about him. Meditate upon him as the counterpart (pratirūpa).' He who meditates upon him thus, a counterpart is born in his offspring, not one without a counterpart.
Kauṣītaki 4.11
स होवाच बालाकिर्य एवैष प्रतिश्रुत्कायां पुरुषस्तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठा द्वितीयोऽनपग इति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो हैतमेवमुपास्ते विन्दते द्वितीयाद्द्वितीयवान्भवति ॥ ४.११ ॥
Bālāki said: 'This person who is seen in the echo, that very one I meditate upon.' Ajātaśatru said to him: 'Do not argue about him. Meditate upon him as the second that is never separate (anapaga).' He who meditates upon him thus obtains a second and becomes one who has a second.
Kauṣītaki 4.12
स होवाच बालाकिर्य एवैष शब्दः पुरुषमन्वेति तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठा असुरिति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो हैतमेवमुपास्ते नो एव स्वयं नास्य प्रजा पुरा कालात्संमोहमेति ॥ ४.१२ ॥
Bālāki said: 'This sound which follows the person, that very one I meditate upon.' Ajātaśatru said to him: 'Do not argue about him. Meditate upon him as the life-breath (asu).' He who meditates upon him thus, neither he himself nor his offspring goes to delusion before the appointed time.
Kauṣītaki 4.13
स होवाच बालाकिर्य एवैष च्छायापुरुषस्तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठा मृत्युरिति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो हैतमेवमुपास्ते नो एव स्वयं नास्य प्रजा पुरा कालात्प्रमीयते ॥ ४.१३ ॥
Bālāki said: 'This shadow-person, that very one I meditate upon.' Ajātaśatru said to him: 'Do not argue about him. Meditate upon him as death (mṛtyu).' He who meditates upon him thus, neither he himself nor his offspring dies before the appointed time.
Kauṣītaki 4.14
स होवाच बालाकिर्य एवैष शारीरः पुरुषस्तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठाः प्रजापतिरिति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो हैतमेवमुपास्ते प्रजायते प्रजया पशुभिः ॥ ४.१४ ॥
He said: Bālāki said, 'I meditate upon this person who is embodied.' Ajātaśatru said to him, 'Do not speak of him as Prajāpati. I meditate upon him as Prajāpati.' Whoever meditates upon him in this way becomes prosperous through offspring, progeny and cattle.
Kauṣītaki 4.15
स होवाच बालाकिर्य एवैष प्राज्ञ आत्मा येनैतत्पुरुषः सुप्तः स्वप्नमाचरति तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठा यमो राजेति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो हैतमेवमुपास्ते सर्वं हास्मा इदं श्रैष्ठ्याय गम्यते ॥ ४.१५ ॥
He said: Bālāki said, 'I meditate upon this wise self by which this person, asleep, moves about in dream.' Ajātaśatru said to him, 'Do not speak of him as king Yama. I meditate upon him as king Yama.' Whoever meditates upon him in this way attains all this as supremacy.
Kauṣītaki 4.16
स होवाच बालाकिर्य एवैष दक्षिणेऽक्षन्पुरुषस्तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठा नाम्न आत्माऽग्नेरात्मा ज्योतिष आत्मेति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो हैतमेवमुपास्त एतेषां सर्वेषामात्मा भवति ॥ ४.१६ ॥
He said: Bālāki said, 'I meditate upon this person in the right eye.' Ajātaśatru said to him, 'Do not speak of him as the self of name, the self of fire, the self of light. I meditate upon him.' Whoever meditates upon him in this way becomes the self of all these.
Kauṣītaki 4.17
स होवाच बालाकिर्य एवैष सव्येऽक्षन्पुरुषस्तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठाः सत्यस्यात्मा विद्युत आत्मा तेजस आत्मेति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो हैतमेवमुपास्त एतेषां सर्वेषामात्मा भवतीति ॥ ४.१७ ॥
He said: Bālāki said, 'I meditate upon this person in the left eye.' Ajātaśatru said to him, 'Do not speak of him as the self of truth, the self of lightning, the self of brilliance. I meditate upon him.' Whoever meditates upon him in this way becomes the self of all these.
Kauṣītaki 4.18
तत उ ह बालाकिस्तूष्णीमास तं होवाचाजातशत्रुरेतावन्नु बालाका३इ इत्येतावद्धीति होवाच बालाकिस्तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मृषा वै किल मा समवादयिष्ठा ब्रह्म ते ब्रवाणीति । स होवाच यो वै बालाक एतेषां पुरुषाणां कर्ता यस्य वैतत्कर्म स वै वेदितव्य इति तत उ ह बालाकिः समित्पाणिः प्रतिचक्रामोपायानीति तं होवाचजातशत्रुः प्रतिलोमरूपमेव स्याद्यत्क्षत्रियो ब्राह्मणमुपनयेत् । एहि व्येव त्वा ज्ञपयिष्यामीति तं ह पाणावभिपद्य प्रवव्राज तौ ह सुप्तं पुरुषमीयतुस्तं हाजातशत्रुरामन्त्रयांचक्रे । बृहत्पाण्डरवासः सोमराजन्निति । स उ ह तूष्णीमेव शिश्ये । तत उ हैनं यष्ट्याविचिक्षेप स तत एव समुत्तस्थौ तं होवाचाजातशत्रुः । क्वैष एतद्वालोके पुरुषोऽशयिष्ट क्वैतदभूत्कुत एतदागा३दिति । तत उ ह बालाकिर्न विजज्ञौ ॥ ४.१८ ॥
Then Bālāki fell silent. Ajātaśatru said to him, "Is this all, Bālāki?" Bālāki said, "Yes, this is all." Ajātaśatru said, "You falsely spoke to me, saying you would tell me brahman. He who is the maker of these persons, whose work this is, he alone is to be known." Then Bālāki went back with firewood in hand, saying, "I come to you as a pupil." Ajātaśatru said, "It would be a reversed order for a kṣatriya to initiate a brahmin. Come, I will instruct you myself." Taking his hand, they went to a person who was sleeping. Ajātaśatru called to him, "O great white-clad Soma, king!" He lay silent. Then Ajātaśatru struck him with a staff, and he rose. Ajātaśatru asked, "Where was this person lying here, Bālāki? Where was he? From where has he come?" Bālāki did not understand.
Kauṣītaki 4.19
तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्यत्रैष एतद्बालाके पुरुषोऽशयिष्ट यत्रैतदभूद्यत एतदागाद्धिता नाम हृदयस्य नाड्यो हृदयात्पुरीततमभिप्रतन्वन्ति तद्यथा सहस्रधा केशो विपाटितस्तावदण्व्यः पिङ्गलस्याणिम्ना तिष्ठन्ति । शुक्लस्य कृष्णस्य पीतस्य लोहितस्येति तासु तदा भवति । यदा सुप्तः स्वप्नं न कञ्चन पश्यत्यस्मिन्प्राण एवैकधा भवति तथैनं वाक्सर्वैर्नामभिः सहाप्येति चक्षुः सर्वै रूपैः सहाप्येति श्रोत्रं सर्वैः शब्दैः सहाप्येति मनः सर्वैर्ध्यातैः सहाप्येति स यदा प्रतिबुध्यते यथाग्नेर्ज्वलतो सर्वा दिशो विस्फुलिङ्गा विप्रतिष्ठेरन्नेवमेवैतस्मादात्मनः प्राणा यथायतनं विप्रतिष्ठन्ते प्राणेभ्यो देवा देवेभ्यो लोकास्तद्यथा क्षुरः क्षुरध्यानेऽवहितः स्याद्विश्वंभरो वा विश्वंभरकुलाय एवमेवैष प्राज्ञ आत्मेदं शरीरमात्मानमनुप्रविष्ट आ लोमभ्य आ नखेभ्यः ॥ ४.१९ ॥
Ajātaśatru said to him: "Where this person lay sleeping, Bālāki, where he was, and from where he came, there are the nerves called hitā, which extend outward from the heart. Just as a hair split a thousandfold is fine, so they are very fine, and they stand in the tawny, white, black, yellow and red. When the sleeper sees no dream at all, then in him the breath alone becomes one. Then speech goes back into him with all its names, the eye with all forms, the ear with all sounds, the mind with all thoughts. When he awakes, as sparks fly out in all directions from a blazing fire, so from this self the breaths go forth each to its place; from the breaths the gods, from the gods the worlds. As a razor is placed in its case, or as the all-bearer lies in his nest, so this wise self has entered this body up to the hairs and nails."
Kauṣītaki 4.20
तमेतमात्मानमेतमात्मनोऽन्ववस्यति यथा श्रेष्ठिनं स्वास्तद्यथा श्रेष्ठैः स्वैर्भुङ्क्ते यथा वा श्रेष्ठिनं स्वा भुञ्जन्त्येवमेवैष प्राज्ञात्मैतैरात्मभिर्भुङ्क्ते । एवं वै तमात्मानमेत आत्मानो भुञ्जन्ति । स यावद्ध वा इन्द्र एतमात्मानं न विजज्ञे तावदेनमसुरा अभिबभूवुः । स यदा विजज्ञेऽथ हत्वासुरान्विजित्य सर्वेषां देवानां श्रैष्ठ्यं स्वाराज्यमाधिपत्यं परीयाय एवैवं विद्वान्सर्वान्पाप्मनोऽपहत्य सर्वेषां भूतानां श्रैष्ठ्यं स्वाराज्यमाधिपत्यं पर्येति य एवं वेद य एवं वेद ॥ ४.२० ॥
He who seeks this self within this self, as the kinsmen of a chief follow him, as a chief enjoys with his own people, or as his own people serve a chief, so this self of wisdom enjoys with these selves. Thus these selves serve that self. As long as Indra did not know this self, the asuras overcame him. When he knew it, then, having slain the asuras and conquered them, he attained supremacy, self-rule and sovereignty over all the gods. So too the knower who knows thus, having destroyed all evils, attains supremacy, self-rule and sovereignty over all beings. He who knows thus, who knows thus.