Upaniṣads · Taittirīya 2
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Taittirīya 2.1
ॐ ब्रह्मविदाप्नोति परम् । तदेषाऽभ्युक्ता । सत्यं ज्ञानमनन्तं ब्रह्म । यो वेद निहितं गुहायां परमे व्योमन् ।
सोऽश्नुते सर्वान् कामान् सह ब्रह्मणा विपश्चितेति ॥ तस्माद्वा एतस्मादात्मन आकाशः संभूतः । आकाशाद्वायुः ।
वायोरग्निः । अग्नेरापः । अद्भ्यः पृथिवी । पृथिव्या ओषधयः । ओषधीभ्योऽन्नम् । अन्नाद्रेतः । रेतसः पुरुषः ।
स वा एष पुरुषोऽन्नरसमयः । तस्येदमेव शिरः । अयं दक्षिणः पक्षः । अयमुत्तरः पक्षः । अयमात्मा ।
इदं पुच्छं प्रतिष्ठा । तदप्येष श्लोको भवति ॥ २.१ ॥
Om. One who knows brahman attains the highest. On this it is said: brahman is truth, knowledge, infinite. Whoever knows it placed in the cave of the heart, in the highest space, enjoys all desires together with the all-knowing brahman. From this very ātman space arose; from space air, from air fire, from fire water, from water earth, from earth plants, from plants food, from food seed, from seed the person. This person is made of the essence of food. This is indeed his head; this is the right side, this the left side, this the trunk, and this the tail and support. On this there is also this verse.
Taittirīya 2.2
अन्नाद्वै प्रजाः प्रजायन्ते । याः काश्च पृथिवीँ श्रिताः । अथो अन्नेनैव जीवन्ति । अथैनदपि यन्त्यन्ततः ।
अन्नँ हि भूतानां ज्येष्ठम् । तस्मात् सर्वौषधमुच्यते । सर्वं वै तेऽन्नमाप्नुवन्ति । येऽन्नं ब्रह्मोपासते ।
अन्नँ हि भूतानां ज्येष्ठम् । तस्मात् सर्वौषधमुच्यते । अन्नाद् भूतानि जायन्ते । जातान्यन्नेन वर्धन्ते ।
अद्यतेऽत्ति च भूतानि । तस्मादन्नं तदुच्यत इति । तस्माद्वा एतस्मादन्नरसमयात् । अन्योऽन्तर आत्मा प्राणमयः ।
तेनैष पूर्णः । स वा एष पुरुषविध एव । तस्य पुरुषविधताम्। अन्वयं पुरुषविधः । तस्य प्राण एव शिरः ।
व्यानो दक्षिणः पक्षः । अपान उत्तरः पक्षः । आकाश आत्मा । पृथिवी पुच्छं प्रतिष्ठा । तदप्येष श्लोको भवति ॥ २.२ ॥
From food indeed creatures are born, whatever dwell upon the earth. And by food indeed they live, and at last they go back into it. Food is indeed the eldest of beings; therefore it is called the all-healing. Those who worship food as brahman obtain all food. From food beings are born; having been born, they grow by food. It is eaten and it eats beings; therefore it is called food. Other than that essence-of-food self there is another inner self, made of breath. By it this is filled. It too has the form of a person. According to that, this too has the form of a person. Its breath is indeed the head; the diffused breath is the right side; the downward breath the left side; space is the trunk; the earth is the tail and support. On this there is also this verse.
Taittirīya 2.3
प्राणं देवा अनु प्राणन्ति । मनुष्याः पशवश्च ये । प्राणो हि भूतानामायुः । तस्मात् सर्वायुषमुच्यते । सर्वमेव त आयुर्यन्ति ।
ये प्राणं ब्रह्मोपासते । प्राणो हि भूतानामायुः । तस्मात् सर्वायुषमुच्यत इति । तस्यैष एव शारीर आत्मा ।
यः पूर्वस्य तस्माद्वा एतस्मात् प्राणमयात् । अन्योऽन्तर आत्मा मनोमयः । तेनैष पूर्णः । स वा एष पुरुषविध एव ।
तस्य पुरुषविधताम् । अन्वयं पुरुषविधः । तस्य यजुरेव शिरः । ऋग्दक्षिणः पक्षः । सामोत्तरः पक्षः । आदेश आत्मा ।
अथर्वाङ्गिरसः पुच्छं प्रतिष्ठा । तदप्येष श्लोको भवति ॥ २.३ ॥
The gods live by breath, and so do humans and animals. Breath is the life of beings; therefore it is called full life. All of them attain their full life. For those who revere breath as brahman, breath is the life of beings; therefore it is called full life. This is the bodily ātman of that one. Other than the previous one, from this breath-made self there is an inner ātman made of mind; by it this is filled. He is indeed in the form of a person. Corresponding to the person's form, he has the same form as a person. His head is the Yajus, his right wing the Ṛg, his left wing the Sāma, and his command is the ātman. The Atharvāṅgirasas are his tail and support. On this there is also this verse.
Taittirīya 2.4
यतो वाचो निवर्तन्ते । अप्राप्य मनसा सह । आनन्दं ब्रह्मणो विद्वान् । न बिभेति कदाचनेति । तस्यैष एव शारीर आत्मा ।
यः पूर्वस्य तस्माद्वा एतस्मान्मनोमयात् । अन्योऽन्तर आत्मा विज्ञानमयः । तेनैष पूर्णः । स वा एष पुरुषविध एव ।
तस्य पुरुषविधताम् । अन्वयं पुरुषविधः । तस्य श्रद्धैव शिरः । ऋतं दक्षिणः पक्षः । सत्यमुत्तरः पक्षः । योग आत्मा ।
महः पुच्छं प्रतिष्ठा । तदप्येष श्लोको भवति ॥ २.४ ॥
From which speech turns back, not having reached it together with the mind, the one who knows the bliss of brahman never fears. This is the bodily ātman of that one. Other than the previous one, from this mind-made self there is an inner ātman made of understanding; by it this is filled. He is indeed in the form of a person. Corresponding to the person's form, he has the same form as a person. His head is faith (śraddhā), his right wing ṛta, his left wing satya, and yoga is the ātman. Mahas is his tail and support. On this there is also this verse.
Taittirīya 2.5
विज्ञानं यज्ञं तनुते । कर्माणि तनुतेऽपि च । विज्ञानं देवाः सर्वे । ब्रह्म ज्येष्ठमुपासते । विज्ञानं ब्रह्म चेद्वेद ।
तस्माच्चेन्न प्रमाद्यति शरीरे पाप्मनो हित्वा । सर्वान्कामान्समश्नुत इति । तस्यैष एव शारीर आत्मा । यः पूर्वस्य ।
तस्माद्वा एतस्माद्विज्ञानमयात् । अन्योऽन्तर आत्माऽऽनन्दमयः । तेनैष पूर्णः । स वा एष पुरुषविध एव ।
तस्य पुरुषविधताम् । अन्वयं पुरुषविधः । तस्य प्रियमेव शिरः । मोदो दक्षिणः पक्षः । प्रमोद उत्तरः पक्षः ।
आनन्द आत्मा । ब्रह्म पुच्छं प्रतिष्ठा । तदप्येष श्लोको भवति ॥ २.५ ॥
Understanding extends the sacrifice and extends the actions. All the gods revere understanding as the eldest brahman. If one knows understanding as brahman, and does not fall into negligence in the body, having abandoned evils he obtains all desires. This is the bodily ātman of that one, who is previous. From that understanding-made self there is an inner ātman made of bliss; by it this is filled. He is indeed in the form of a person. Corresponding to the person's form, he has the same form as a person. His head is what is dear, his right wing is joy (moda), his left wing is great joy (pramoda). Bliss is the ātman. Brahman is his tail and support. On this there is also this verse.
Taittirīya 2.6
असन्नेव स भवति असद्ब्रह्मेति वेद चेत् । ब्रह्मेति चेद्वेद । सन्तमेनं ततो विदुरिति । तस्यैष एव शारीर आत्मा ।
यः पूर्वस्य अथातोऽनुप्रश्नाः । उताविद्वानमुं लोकं प्रेत्य । कश्चन गच्छी३ । आहो विद्वानमुं लोकं प्रेत्य कश्चित्समश्नुता ३ उ ।
सोऽकामयत । बहुभ्यां प्रजायेयेति । स तपोऽतप्यत । स तपस्तप्त्वा । इदँ सर्वमसृजत । यदिदं किञ्च । तत्सृष्ट्वा ।
तदेवानुप्राविशत् । तदनुप्रविश्य । सच्च त्यच्चाभवत् । निरुक्तं चानिरुक्तं च । निलयनं चानिलयनं च । विज्ञानं चाविज्ञानं च ।
सत्यं चानृतं च । सत्यमभवत् । यदिदं किञ्च । तत्सत्यमित्याचक्षते । तदप्येष श्लोको भवति ॥ २.६ ॥
If one knows, 'Brahman is non-existent,' one becomes non-existent. If one knows, 'Brahman is,' then people know him as existent. This is his bodily self. Here are the follow-up questions about the earlier: does anyone who departs from this world without knowing go on, or does someone who departs from this world knowing fully attain it? He desired, 'May I become many, may I be born.' He performed austerity. Having performed austerity, he created all this, whatever there is here. Having created it, he entered into that very thing. Having entered it, he became the existent and the non-existent; the defined and the undefined, the supported and the unsupported, knowledge and ignorance, the true and the false. He became the true. Whatever there is here, that they call 'the true.' On this there is also this verse.
Taittirīya 2.7
असद्वा इदमग्र आसीत् । ततो वै सदजायत । तदात्मानँ स्वयमकुरुत । तस्मात्तत्सुकृतमुच्यत इति । यद्वै तत् सुकृतम् ।
रसो वै सः । रसँ ह्येवायं लब्ध्वाऽऽनन्दी भवति । को ह्येवान्यात्कः प्राण्यात् । यदेष आकाश आनन्दो न स्यात् ।
एष ह्येवानन्दयाति । यदा ह्येवैष एतस्मिन्नदृश्येऽनात्म्येऽनिरुक्तेऽनिलयनेऽभयं प्रतिष्ठां विन्दते । अथ सोऽभयं गतो भवति ।
यदा ह्येवैष एतस्मिन्नुदरमन्तरं कुरुते । अथ तस्य भयं भवति । तत्त्वेव भयं विदुषोऽमन्वानस्य । तदप्येष श्लोको भवति ॥ २.७ ॥
In the beginning this was non-existent. From that, existence was born. He made himself into a self; therefore it is called 'well-made.' Indeed, what is well-made is the essence. Having obtained that essence, one becomes blissful. For who would breathe, who would live, if this bliss were not in space? It is he who gives bliss. When one finds a firm footing in this unseen, not-self, indescribable, unsupported reality, then one attains fearlessness. But when one makes even the slightest distinction in it, then there is fear. That fear is for the knowing one who imagines a difference. On this there is also this verse.
Taittirīya 2.8
भीषाऽस्माद्वातः पवते । भीषोदेति सूर्यः । भीषाऽस्मादग्निश्चेन्द्रश्च । मृत्युर्धावति पञ्चम इति । सैषाऽऽनन्दस्य मीमाँसा भवति ।
युवा स्यात्साधुयुवाऽध्यायकः । आशिष्ठो द्रढिष्ठो बलिष्ठः । तस्येयं पृथिवी सर्वा वित्तस्य पूर्णा स्यात् । स एको मानुष आनन्दः ।
ते ये शतं मानुषा आनन्दाः । स एको मनुष्यगन्धर्वाणामानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं मनुष्यगन्धर्वाणामानन्दाः ।
स एको देवगन्धर्वाणामानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं देवगन्धर्वाणामानन्दाः । स एकः पितृणां चिरलोकलोकानामानन्दः ।
स एक आजानजानां देवानामानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतमाजानजानां देवानामानन्दाः ।
स एकः कर्मदेवानां देवानामानन्दः । ये कर्मणा देवानपि यन्ति । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं कर्मदेवानां देवानामानन्दाः ।
स एको देवानामानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं देवानामानन्दाः । स एक इन्द्रस्याऽऽनन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य ।
ते ये शतमिन्द्रस्याऽऽनन्दाः । स एको बृहस्पतेरानन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं बृहस्पतेरानन्दाः । स एकः प्रजापतेरानन्दः ।
श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । ते ये शतं प्रजापतेरानन्दाः । स एको ब्रह्मण आनन्दः । श्रोत्रियस्य चाकामहतस्य । स यश्चायं पुरुषे ।
यश्चासावादित्ये । स एकः । स य एवंवित् । अस्माल्लोकात्प्रेत्य । एतमन्नमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रामति । एतं प्राणमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रामति ।
एतं मनोमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रामति । एतं विज्ञानमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रामति । एतमानन्दमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रामति । तदप्येष श्लोको भवति ॥ २.८ ॥
Through fear of it the wind blows; through fear of it the sun rises; through fear of it Agni and Indra, and death as the fifth, run. This is the inquiry into bliss. Let there be a young man, a good youth, a student of the Veda, most vigorous, most firm, most strong. Let this whole earth, full of wealth, be his. That is one human bliss. A hundred human blisses are one bliss of the human gandharvas, for the learned man whose desires are not afflicted. A hundred blisses of the human gandharvas are one bliss of the divine gandharvas, for the learned man whose desires are not afflicted. A hundred blisses of the divine gandharvas are one bliss of the fathers who dwell in the long-enduring worlds. A hundred blisses of the fathers are one bliss of the ājānaja gods, for the learned man whose desires are not afflicted. A hundred blisses of the ājānaja gods are one bliss of the gods-by-works, who by works attain even the gods, for the learned man whose desires are not afflicted. A hundred blisses of the gods-by-works are one bliss of the gods. A hundred blisses of the gods are one bliss of Indra, for the learned man whose desires are not afflicted. A hundred blisses of Indra are one bliss of Bṛhaspati, for the learned man whose desires are not afflicted. A hundred blisses of Bṛhaspati are one bliss of Prajāpati, for the learned man whose desires are not afflicted. A hundred blisses of Prajāpati are one bliss of Brahman, for the learned man whose desires are not afflicted. What is in the person, and what is in that one in the sun, is one. He who knows thus, departing from this world, approaches the self made of food, approaches the self made of breath, approaches the self made of mind, approaches the self made of understanding, and approaches the self made of bliss. On this there is also this verse.
Taittirīya 2.9
यतो वाचो निवर्तन्ते अप्राप्य मनसा सह । आनन्दं ब्रह्मणो विद्वान् । न बिभेत कुतश्चनेति । एतँ ह वाव न तपति । किमहँ साधु नाकरवम् ।
किमहं पापमकरवमिति । स य एवं विद्वानेते आत्मानँ स्पृणुते । उभे ह्येवैष एते आत्मानँ स्पृणुते । य एवं वेद । इत्युपनिषत् ॥ २.९ ॥
From which speech turns back, not reaching it together with the mind, the knower of the bliss of brahman fears nothing at all. Surely this does not torment him: 'Why did I not do what is good? Why did I do what is evil?' He who knows thus protects his ātman from both. He who knows thus indeed protects his ātman from both. This is the Upaniṣad.