Upaniṣads · Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1
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Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.1
(अजातशत्रुब्राह्मणं वा पर्यंकविद्याब्राह्मणम्)
दृप्तबालाकिर्हानूचानो गार्ग्य आस ।
स होवाचाजातशत्रुं काश्यं ब्रह्म ते ब्रवाणीति ।
स होवाचाजातशत्रुः सहस्रमेतस्यां वाचि दद्मः, जनको जनक इति वै जना धावन्तीति ॥ २.१.१ ॥
This is the Ajātaśatru Brāhmaṇa, also called the Paryaṅkavidyā Brāhmaṇa. The proud and learned Gārgya Bālāki said to Ajātaśatru, king of Kāśī, 'I will teach you brahman.' Ajātaśatru replied, 'For these words we give a thousand cows; people run saying, "Janaka, Janaka!"'
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.2
स होवाच गार्ग्यः य एवासावादित्ये पुरुष एतमेवाहं ब्रह्मोपास इति ।
स होवाचाजातशत्रुर् मा मैतस्मिन्संवदिष्ठाः ।
अतिष्ठाः सर्वेषां भूतानां मूर्धा राजेति वा अहमेतमुपास इति ।
स य एतमेवमुपास्तेऽतिष्ठाः सर्वेषां भूतानां मूर्धा राजा भवति ॥ २.१.२ ॥
Gārgya said, 'I worship as brahman that person who is in the sun.' Ajātaśatru said, 'Do not argue with me about this. I worship him as the one who stands above all beings, their head and king.' Whoever worships him thus becomes one who stands above all beings, their head and king.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.3
स होवाच गार्ग्यः य एवासौ चन्द्रे पुरुष एतमेवाहं ब्रह्मोपास इति ।
स होवाचाजातशत्रुः मा मैतस्मिन्संवदिष्ठाः ।
बृहन् पाण्दरवासाः सोमो राजेति वा अहमेतमुपास इति ।
स य एतमेवमुपास्तेऽहरहर्सुतः प्रसुतो भवति ।
नास्यान्नं क्षीयते ॥ २.१.३ ॥
Gārgya said, 'I worship as brahman that person who is in the moon.' Ajātaśatru said, 'Do not argue with me about this. I worship him as the great, white-robed king Soma.' For whoever worships him thus, Soma flows forth day by day, and his food never runs short.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.4
स होवाच गार्ग्यः य एवासौ विद्युति पुरुष एतमेवाहं ब्रह्मोपास इति ।
स होवाचाजातशत्रुः मा मैतस्मिन् संवदिष्ठाः ।
तेजस्वीति वा अहमेतमुपास इति ।
स य एतमेवमुपास्ते तेजस्वी ह भवति ।
तेजस्विनी हास्य प्रजा भवति ॥ २.१.४ ॥
Gārgya said, 'I worship as brahman that person who is in lightning.' Ajātaśatru said, 'Do not argue with me about this. I worship him as radiant.' Whoever worships him thus indeed becomes radiant, and his offspring become radiant.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.5
स होवाच गार्ग्यः य एवायमाकाशे पुरुष एतमेवाहं ब्रह्मोपास इति ।
स होवाचाजातशत्रुः मा मैतस्मिन् संवदिष्ठाः ।
पूर्णमप्रवर्तीति वा अहमेतमुपास इति ।
स य एतमेवमुपास्ते पूर्यते प्रजया पशुभिर्नास्यास्माल्लोकात्प्रजोद्वर्तते ॥ २.१.५ ॥
Gārgya said: 'The person who is in space, I meditate upon him as brahman.' Ajātaśatru said: 'Do not argue with me about him. I meditate upon him as full and unmoving.' Whoever meditates upon him thus is filled with offspring and cattle; his progeny does not depart from this world.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.6
स होवाच गार्ग्यः य एवायं वायौ पुरुष एतमेवाहं ब्रह्मोपास इति ।
स होवाचाजातशत्रुः मा मैतस्मिन्संवदिष्ठाः ।
इन्द्रो वैकुण्ठोऽपराजिता सेनेति वा अहमेतमुपास इति ।
स य एतमेवमुपास्ते जिष्णुर्हापराजिष्णुर्भवत्यन्यतस्त्यजायी ॥ २.१.६ ॥
Gārgya said: 'The person who is in the wind, I meditate upon him as brahman.' Ajātaśatru said: 'Do not argue with me about him. I meditate upon him as Indra, Vaikuṇṭha, the unconquered army.' Whoever meditates upon him thus becomes victorious and unconquerable, one whom others cannot forsake.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.7
स होवाच गार्ग्यः य एवायमग्नौ पुरुष एतमेवाहं ब्रह्मोपास इति ।
स होवाचाजातशत्रुः मा मैतस्मिन्संवदिष्ठाः ।
विषासहिरिति वा अहमेतमुपास इति ।
स य एतमेवमुपास्ते विषासहिर्ह भवति ।
विषासहिर्हास्य प्रजा भवति ॥ २.१.७ ॥
Gārgya said: 'The person who is in fire, I meditate upon him as brahman.' Ajātaśatru said: 'Do not argue with me about him. I meditate upon him as viṣāsahi, the one who bears and overcomes his enemies.' Whoever meditates upon him thus indeed becomes viṣāsahi, and his offspring too become viṣāsahi.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.8
स होवाच गार्ग्यः य एवायमप्सु पुरुष एतमेवाहं ब्रह्मोपास इति ।
स होवाचाजातशत्रुः मा मैतस्मिन्संवदिष्ठाः ।
प्रतिरूप इति वा अहमेतमुपास इति ।
स य एतमेवमुपास्ते प्रतिरूपं हैवैनमुपगच्छति नाप्रतिरूपम् ।
अथो प्रतिरुपोऽस्माज्जायते ॥ २.१.८ ॥
Gārgya said: 'The person who is in water, I meditate upon him as brahman.' Ajātaśatru said: 'Do not argue with me about him. I meditate upon him as pratirūpa, the reflection.' Whoever meditates upon him thus is approached only by what corresponds to him, not by the opposite; and from him a corresponding offspring is born.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.9
स होवाच गार्ग्यः य एवायमादर्शे पुरुष एतमेवाहं ब्रह्मोपास इति ।
स होवाचाजातशत्रुः मा मैतस्मिन् संवदिष्ठाः ।
रोचिष्णुरिति वा अहमेतमुपास इति ।
स य एतमेवमुपास्ते रोचिष्णुर्ह भवति ।
रोचिष्णुर्हास्य प्रजा भवति ।
अथो यैः संनिगच्छति ।
सर्वांस्तानतिरोचते ॥ २.१.९ ॥
Gārgya said: I worship as brahman this person who is seen in the mirror. Ajātaśatru said: Do not speak to me about this. I worship him as the radiant one (rocisnu). Whoever worships him thus becomes radiant; his offspring become radiant; and he outshines all those he meets.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.10
स होवाच गार्ग्यः य एवायं यन्तं पश्चाच्छब्दोऽनूदेत्येतमेवाहं ब्रह्मोपास इति ।
स होवाचाजातशत्रुः मा मैतस्मिन् संवदिष्ठाः ।
असुरिति वा अहमेतमुपास इति ।
स य एतमेवमुपास्ते सर्वं हैवास्मिंल्लोक आयुरेति ।
नैनं पुरा कालात्प्राणो जहाति ॥ २.१.१० ॥
Gārgya said: I worship as brahman this one who is seen as the sound that follows behind one who is going. Ajātaśatru said: Do not speak to me about this. I worship him as the life-breath (asu). Whoever worships him thus attains the full span of life in this world; the breaths do not leave him before his time.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.11
स होवाच गार्ग्यः य एवायं दिक्षु पुरुष एतमेवाहं ब्रह्मोपास इति ।
स होवाचाजातशत्रुः मा मैतस्मिन् संवदिष्ठाः ।
द्वितीयोऽनपग इति वा अहमेतमुपास इति ।
स य एतमेवमुपास्ते द्वितीयवान् ह भवति ।
नास्माद्गणश्छिद्यते ॥ २.१.११ ॥
Gārgya said: I worship as brahman this person who is in the directions. Ajātaśatru said: Do not speak to me about this. I worship him as the second, the inseparable (anapaga). Whoever worships him thus becomes one who has a companion; his company is not severed from him.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.12
स होवाच गार्ग्यः य एवायं छायामयः पुरुष एतमेवाहं ब्रह्मोपास इति ।
स होवाचाजातशत्रुः मा मैतस्मिन्संवदिष्ठाः ।
मृत्युरिति वा अहमेतमुपास इति ।
स य एतमेवमुपास्ते सर्वं हैवास्मिंल्लोक आयुरेति ।
नैनं पुरा कालान्मृत्युरागच्छति ॥ २.१.१२ ॥
Gārgya said: I worship as brahman this person made of shadow. Ajātaśatru said: Do not speak to me about this. I worship him as death (mṛtyu). Whoever worships him thus attains the full span of life in this world; death does not come to him before his time.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.13
स होवाच गार्ग्यः य एवायमात्मनि पुरुष एतमेवाहं ब्रह्मोपास इति ।
स होवाचाजातशत्रुः मा मैतस्मिन् संवदिष्ठाः ।
आत्मन्वीति वा अहमेतमुपास इति ।
स य एतमेवमुपास्त आत्मन्वी ह भवति ।
आत्मन्विनी हास्य प्रजा भवति ।
स ह तूष्णीमास गार्ग्यः ॥ २.१.१३ ॥
Gārgya said: "The person who is in the self — him I worship as brahman." Ajātaśatru said: "Do not argue with me about this. I worship him as one who has a self (ātmanvī)." One who worships him in this way becomes one who has a self, and his offspring also become those who have a self. Then Gārgya remained silent.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.14
स होवाचाजातशत्रुः एतावन्नू३ इति ।
एतावद्धीति ।
नैतावता विदितं भवतीति ।
स होवाच गार्ग्यः उप त्वायानीति ॥ २.१.१४ ॥
Ajātaśatru said: "Is that all?" Gārgya said: "Yes, that is all." Ajātaśatru said: "By that much it is not known." Then Gārgya said: "I come to you as a student."
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.15
स होवाचाजातशत्रुः प्रतिलोमं चैतद्यद्ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियमुपेयाद्ब्रह्म मे वक्ष्यतीति ।
व्येव त्वा ज्ञपयिष्यामीति ।
तं पाणावादायोत्तस्थौ ।
तौ ह पुरुषं सुप्तमाजग्मतुः ।
तमेतैर्नामभिरामन्त्रयां चक्रे बृहन् पाण्दरवासः सोम राजन्निति ।
स नोत्तस्थौ ।
तं पाणिनापेषं बोधयां चकार ।
स होत्तस्थौ ॥ २.१.१५ ॥
Ajātaśatru said: "It is reversed that a brahmin should approach a kṣatriya, thinking he will teach him brahman. I will make you understand." Then he took him by the hand, rose, and they came to the sleeping person. They addressed him by these names: "Great one, white-robed, Soma, king!" He did not rise. Then they pressed him with the hand and woke him, and he rose.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.16
स होवाचाजातशत्रुः यत्रैष एतत्सुप्तोऽभूद्य एष विज्ञानमयः पुरुषः क्वैष तदाभूत्कुत एतदागादिति ।
तदु ह न मेने गार्ग्यः ॥ २.१.१६ ॥
Ajātaśatru said: "When this one was asleep, where was this person made of consciousness? And from where did he come back?" Gārgya did not accept it.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.17
स होवाचाजातशत्रुः यत्रैष एतत्सुप्तोऽभूद्य एष विज्ञानमयः पुरुषस्तदेषां प्राणानां विज्ञानेन विज्नानमादाय य एषोऽन्तर्हृदय आकाशस्तस्मिञ्छेते ।
तानि यदा गृह्णाति ।
अथ हैतत्पुरुषः स्वपिति नाम ।
तद्गृहीत एव प्राणो भवति ।
गृहीता वाग् ।
गृहीतं चक्षुर् ।
गृहीतं श्रोत्रम् ।
गृहीतं मनः ॥ २.१.१७ ॥
Ajātaśatru said: When this person, made of consciousness, sleeps, he takes these breaths with consciousness and rests in the space within the heart. When he withdraws them, this person is said to be asleep. Then breath is withdrawn, speech is withdrawn, sight is withdrawn, hearing is withdrawn, mind is withdrawn.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.18
स यत्रैतत्स्वप्न्यया चरति ते हास्य लोकाः ।
तदुतेव महाराजो भवत्युतेव महाब्राह्मणः ।
उतेवोच्चावचं निगच्छति ।
स यथा महाराजो जानपदान् गृहीत्वा स्वे जनपदे यथाकामं परिवर्तेतैवमेवैष एतत्प्राणान् गृहीत्वा स्वे शरीरे यथाकामं परिवर्तते ॥ २.१.१८ ॥
When he moves about in this dream state, he has those worlds. Then he becomes as though a great king, as though a great brahmin, and attains high and low states. Just as a great king, taking the people of his realm, moves about freely in his own land, so this person, taking these breaths, moves about freely in his own body.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.19
अथ यदा सुषुप्तो भवति ।
यदा न कस्य चन वेद ।
हिता नाम नाड्यो द्वासप्ततिः सहस्राणि हृदयात्पुरीततमभिप्रतिष्ठन्ते ।
ताभिः प्रत्यवसृप्य पुरीतति शेते ।
स यथा कुमारो वा महाराजो वा महाब्राह्मणो वाऽतिघ्नीमानन्दस्य गत्वा शयीत ।
एवमेवैष एतच्छेते ॥ २.१.१९ ॥
Now when he is in deep sleep, when he knows nothing of anything, there extend from the heart seventy-two thousand channels called Hitā, around the pericardium. Through them, descending, he rests in the pericardium. As a child, or a great king, or a great brahmin, having reached the highest bliss, lies down, so he lies down in this.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 2.1.20
स यथोर्णनाभिस्तन्तुनोच्चरेद्यथा अग्नेः क्षुद्रा विष्फुलिङ्गा व्युच्चरन्त्येवमेवास्मादात्मनः सर्वे प्राणाः सर्वे लोकाः सर्वे देवाः सर्वाणि भूतानि व्युच्चरन्ति ।
तस्योपनिषत्सत्यस्य सत्यमिति ।
प्राणा वै सत्यं तेषामेष सत्यम् ॥ २.१.२० ॥
As a spider comes forth by its thread, as small sparks issue from fire, so from this self all breaths, all worlds, all gods, all beings issue forth. Its secret name is 'the truth of the truth.' The breaths are truth; this is their truth.