Upaniṣads · Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4
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Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.1
(पुरुषविधब्राह्मणम् /आत्मब्राह्मणम् /सृष्टिब्राह्मणम् )
आत्मैवेदमग्र आसीत्पुरुषविधः ।
सोऽनुवीक्ष्य नान्यदात्मनोऽपश्यत् ।
सोऽहमस्मीत्यग्रे व्याहरत् ।
ततोऽहंनामाभवत् ।
तस्मादप्येतर्ह्यामन्त्रितोऽहमयमित्येवाग्र उक्त्वाथान्यन्नाम प्रब्रूते यदस्य भवति ।
स यत्पूर्वोऽस्मात्सर्वस्मात्सर्वान् पाप्मन औषत्तस्मात्पुरुषः ।
ओषति ह वै स तं योऽस्मात्पूर्वो बुभूषति य एवं वेद ॥ १.४.१ ॥
(Puruṣavidha-brāhmaṇa / Ātma-brāhmaṇa / Sṛṣṭi-brāhmaṇa) In the beginning this was indeed the self (ātman), in the form of a person (puruṣa). Looking around, he saw nothing other than himself. He first said, 'I am.' From this came the name 'I' (aham). Therefore even now, when someone is called, he first says 'I am this one' and then names the other name that belongs to him. Because he burned up all evils before all others, he is 'puruṣa' (person). He burns up whoever wishes to be before him; this is so for one who knows thus.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.2
सोऽबिभेत्तस्मादेकाकी बिभेति ।
स हायमीक्षां चक्रे, यन्मदन्यन्नास्ति कस्मान्नु बिभेमीति ।
तत एवास्य भयं वीयाय ।
कस्माद्ध्यभेष्यत् ।
द्वितीयाद्वै भयं भवति ॥ १.४.२ ॥
He was afraid. Therefore one who is alone is afraid. He reflected: 'There is nothing other than me. Why then should I be afraid?' Then his fear departed. Why indeed would he be afraid? Fear arises only from a second.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.3
स वै नैव रेमे ।
तस्मादेकाकी न रमते ।
स द्वितीयमैच्छत् ।
स हैतावानास यथा स्त्रीपुमांसौ सम्परिष्वक्तौ ।
स इममेवात्मानं द्वेधापातयत् ।
ततः पतिश्च पत्नी चाभवताम् ।
तस्मादिदमर्धबृगलमिव स्व इति ह स्माह याज्ञवल्क्यः ।
तस्मादयमाकाशः स्त्रिया पूर्यत एव ।
तां समभवत् ।
ततो मनुष्या अजायन्त ॥ १.४.३ ॥
He did not find delight. Therefore one who is alone does not find delight. He desired a second. He became as large as a woman and a man embracing. He split this very ātman into two. From that came husband and wife. Therefore Yājñavalkya said: this is like one half of a shell, one's own half. Therefore this space is filled by a woman. He united with her, and from that human beings were born.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.4
सो हेयमीक्षां चक्रे कथं नु मात्मन एव जनयित्वा सम्भवति ।
हन्त तिरोऽसानीति ।
सा गौरभवद्वृषभ इतरः ।
तां समेवाभवत् ।
ततो गावोऽजायन्त ।
वडवेतराभवदश्ववृष इतरः ।
गर्दभीतरा गर्दभ इतरः ।
तां समेवाभवत् ।
तत एकशफमजायत ।
अजेतराभवद्बस्त इतरः ।
अविरितरा मेष इतरः ।
तां समेवाभवत् ।
ततोऽजावयो ऽजायन्त ।
एवमेव यदिदं किञ्च मिथुनमा पिपीलिकाभ्यस्तत्सर्वमसृजत ॥ १.४.४ ॥
He reflected: how can I come into being by producing from myself alone? Well then, let me make myself hidden. She became a cow, and the other a bull. He united with her, and from that cows were born. She became a mare and the other a stallion; she became a she-ass and the other a he-ass. He united with her, and from that one-hoofed animals were born. She became a she-goat and the other a he-goat; she became a ewe and the other a ram. He united with her, and from that goats and sheep were born. Thus he created every pair that exists here, down to the ant.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.5
सोऽवेदहं वाव सृष्टिरस्म्यहं हीदं सर्वमसृक्षीति ।
ततः सृष्टिरभवत् ।
सृष्ट्यां हास्यैतस्यां भवति य एवं वेद ॥ १.४.५ ॥
He knew: I indeed am creation, for I created all this. Then creation came to be. Whoever knows thus becomes in this creation.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.6
अथेत्यभ्यमन्थत् ।
स मुखाच्च योनेर्हस्ताभ्यां चाग्निमसृजत ।
तस्मादेतदुभयमलोमकमन्तरतः ।
अलोमका हि योनिरन्तरतः ।
तद्यदिदमाहुरमुं यजामुं यजेत्येकैकं देवमेतस्यैव सा विसृष्टिः ।
एष उ ह्येव सर्वे देवाः ।
अथ यत्किञ्चेदमार्द्रं तद्रेतसोऽसृजत ।
तदु सोम ।
एतावद्वा इदं सर्वमन्नं चैवान्नादश्च ।
सोम एवान्नमग्निरन्नादः ।
सैषा ब्रह्मणोऽतिसृष्टिः ।
यच्छ्रेयसो देवानसृजताथ यन्मर्त्यः सन्नमृतानसृजत तस्मादतिसृष्टिर् ।
अतिसृष्ट्यां हास्यैतस्यां भवति य एवं वेद ॥ १.४.६ ॥
Then he rubbed. From his mouth and from the womb, and from his hands, he created fire. Therefore these two are hairless within, for the womb is hairless within. As for the saying, 'Sacrifice to this one, sacrifice to that one,' each single god is only his emission, for he indeed is all the gods. Whatever is moist here, he created from seed; that is Soma. All this is food and the eater of food: Soma is food, Agni the eater. This is the excess creation of Brahman, for he created the excellent gods, and then, though mortal, he created the immortals; therefore it is an excess creation. Whoever knows thus becomes in this excess creation.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.7
तद्धेदं तर्ह्यव्याकृतमासीत् ।
तन्नामरूपाभ्यामेव व्याक्रियतासौ नामायमिदंरूप इति ।
तदिदमप्येतर्हि नामरूपाभ्यामेव व्याक्रियत असौ नामायमिदंरूप इति ।
स एष इह प्रविष्ट आ नखाग्रेभ्यो यथा क्षुरः क्षुरधानेऽवहितः स्याद्विश्वम्भरो वा विश्वम्भरकुलाये ।
तं न पश्यन्ति ।
अकृत्स्नो हि सः प्राणन्नेव प्राणो नाम भवति ।
वदन् वाक्पश्यंश्चक्षुः शृण्वञ्छ्रोत्रं मन्वानो मनः ।
तान्यस्यैतानि कर्मनामान्येव ।
स योऽत एकैकमुपास्ते न स वेद ।
अकृत्स्नो ह्येषोऽत एकैकेन भवति ।
आत्मेत्येवोपासीत ।
अत्र ह्येते सर्व एकं भवन्ति ।
तदेतत्पदनीयमस्य सर्वस्य यदयमात्मा ।
अनेन ह्येतत्सर्वं वेद ।
यथा ह वै पदेनानुविन्देदेवं कीर्तिं श्लोकं विन्दते य एवं वेद ॥ १.४.७ ॥
This was undifferentiated before. It became differentiated only through name and form, as in 'this is the one with this name and this form.' Even now it is differentiated only through name and form, as in 'this is the one with this name and this form.' He has entered here, up to the tips of the nails, like a razor placed in its razor-case, or like Viśvambhara (fire) in its nest. They do not see him, for he is incomplete. Breathing, he is called breath; speaking, speech; seeing, the eye; hearing, the ear; thinking, the mind. These are only the names of his actions. Whoever worships him as each one separately does not know him, for he is incomplete by each one. So one should worship him only as ātman, for in it all these become one. This is the trace of all this, namely this ātman. By it one knows everything, just as one finds what was lost by following its footprint. Whoever knows thus obtains fame and renown.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.8
तदेतत्प्रेयः पुत्रात्प्रेयो वित्तात्प्रेयोऽन्यस्मात्सर्वस्मादन्तरतरं यदयमात्मा ।
स योऽन्यमात्मनः प्रियं ब्रुवाणं ब्रूयात्प्रियं रोत्स्यतीतीश्वरो ह तथैव स्यात् ।
आत्मानमेव प्रियमुपासीत ।
स य आत्मानमेव प्रियमुपास्ते न हास्य प्रियं प्रमायुकं भवति ॥ १.४.८ ॥
This self is dearer than a son, dearer than wealth, dearer than all other things, and more inward than everything. If someone said to one who calls something other than his self dear, 'Your dear one will perish,' it would indeed be so. One should worship the self alone as dear. He who worships the self alone as dear, his dear one does not perish.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.9
तदाहुर्यद्ब्रह्मविद्यया सर्वं भविष्यन्तो मनुष्या मन्यन्ते ।
किमु तद्ब्रह्मावेद्यस्मात्तत्सर्वमभवदिति ॥ १.४.९ ॥
It is said: people who are about to become everything through knowledge of brahman think thus. But what is that brahman, unknown, from which all that came to be?
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.10
ब्रह्म वा इदमग्र आसीत् ।
तदात्मानमेवावेत् ।
अहं ब्रह्मास्मीति ।
तस्मात्तत्सर्वमभवत् ।
तद्यो यो देवानां प्रत्यबुध्यत स एव तदभवत् ।
तथर्षीनाम् ।
तथा मनुष्याणाम् ।
तद्धैतत्पश्यन्नृषिर्वामदेवः प्रतिपेदेऽहं मनुरभवं सूर्यश्चेति ।
तदिदमप्येतर्हि य एवं वेदाहं ब्रह्मास्मीति स इदं सर्वं भवति ।
तस्य ह न देवाश्चनाभूत्या ईशते ।
आत्मा ह्येषां स भवति ।
अथ योऽन्यां देवतामुपास्तेऽन्योऽसावन्योऽहमस्मीति न स वेद ।
यथा पशुरेवं स देवानाम् ।
यथा ह वै बहवः पशवो मनुष्यं भुञ्ज्युरेवमेकैकः पुरुषो देवान् भुनक्ति ।
एकस्मिन्नेव पशावादीयमानेऽप्रियं भवति किमु बहुषु ।
तस्मादेषां तन्न प्रियं यदेतन्मनुष्या विद्युः ॥ १.४.१० ॥
In the beginning this was brahman alone. It knew only itself, saying, "I am brahman." Therefore it became all things. Whoever among the gods awoke to this became that very thing; likewise among the seers and among humans. Seeing this, the seer Vāmadeva realized: "I became Manu, and I became the sun." Even now, whoever knows thus, "I am brahman," becomes all this. The gods cannot prevent his prosperity, for he becomes their ātman. But whoever worships another deity, thinking "He is one, I am another," does not know. He is like a beast to the gods. Just as many beasts serve a human being, so each person serves the gods. If even one beast is taken away, it is displeasing; how much more so when many are taken. Therefore it is not pleasing to the gods that humans should know this.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.11
ब्रह्म वा इदमग्र आसीदेकमेव ।
तदेकं सन्न व्यभवत् ।
तच्छ्रेयो रूपमत्यसृजत क्षत्रं, यान्येतानि देवत्रा क्षत्राणीन्द्रो वरुणः सोमो रुद्रः पर्जन्यो यमो मृत्युरीशान इति ।
तस्मात्क्षत्रात्परं नास्ति ।
तस्माद्ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियं अधस्तादुपास्ते राजसूये ।
क्षत्र एव तद्यशो दधाति ।
सैषा क्षत्रस्य योनिर्यद्ब्रह्म ।
तस्माद्यद्यपि राजा परमतां गच्छति ब्रह्मैवान्तत उपनिश्रयति स्वां योनिम् ।
य उ एनं हिनस्ति स्वां स योनिमृच्छति ।
स पापीयान् भवति यथा श्रेयांसं हिंसित्वा ॥ १.४.११ ॥
In the beginning this was brahman alone, one. Being one, it did not flourish. It then created a superior form, kṣatra, the ruling powers among the gods: Indra, Varuṇa, Soma, Rudra, Parjanya, Yama, Death, and Īśāna. Therefore there is nothing higher than kṣatra. For this reason the brahmin, at the royal consecration, honors the kṣatriya, seating him below himself. In the kṣatra alone he places its glory. This is the source of kṣatra, which is brahman. Therefore even if a king attains the highest rank, in the end he takes refuge in brahman itself, his own source. Whoever harms him destroys his own source, and becomes more wicked, like one who has killed a superior man.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.12
स नैव व्यभवत् ।
स विशमसृजत ।
यान्येतानि देवजातानि गणश आख्यायन्ते वसवो रुद्रा आदित्या विश्वे देवा मरुत इति ॥ १.४.१२ ॥
Still it did not flourish. Then it created the vis, the people, the class of the common folk. These classes of gods, named by groups: the Vasus, the Rudras, the Ādityas, the Viśve Devāḥ, and the Maruts.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.13
स नैव व्यभवत् ।
स शौद्रं वर्णमसृजत पूषणम् ।
इयं वै पूषा ।
इयं हीदं सर्वं पुष्यति यदिदं किञ्च ॥ १.४.१३ ॥
Still it did not flourish. Then it created the śūdra class, and Pūṣan. This earth is Pūṣan, for it nourishes all that exists here.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.14
स नैव व्यभवत् ।
तच्छ्रेयो रूपमत्यसृजत धर्मम् ।
तदेतत्क्षत्रस्य क्षत्रं यद्धर्मः ।
तस्माद्धर्मात्परं नास्ति ।
अथो अबलीयान् बलीयांसमाशंसते धर्मेण ।
यथा राज्ञैवम् ।
यो वै स धर्मः सत्यं वै तत् ।
तस्मात्सत्यं वदन्तमाहुर्धर्मं वदतीति ।
धर्मं वा वदन्तं सत्यं वदतीति ।
एतद्ध्येवैतदुभयं भवति ॥ १.४.१४ ॥
He did not flourish. He then created a higher form, dharma. That is the ruling power of the ruling power, which is dharma. Therefore there is nothing higher than dharma. Moreover, the weaker seeks to overcome the stronger through dharma, as through a king. What is dharma is indeed truth. Therefore they say of one who speaks truth that he speaks dharma, and of one who speaks dharma that he speaks truth. These two are indeed one.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.15
तदेतद्ब्रह्म क्षत्रं विट्शूद्रः ।
तदग्निनैव देवेषु ब्रह्माभवद्ब्राह्मणो मनुष्येषु, क्षत्रियेण क्षत्रियः, वैश्येन वैश्यः, शूद्रेण शूद्रः ।
तस्मादग्नावेव देवेषु लोकमिच्छन्ते ब्राह्मणे मनुष्येषु ।
एताभ्यां हि रूपाभ्यां ब्रह्माभवत् ।
अथ यो ह वा अस्माल्लोकात्स्वं लोकमदृष्ट्वा प्रैति स एनमविदितो न भुनक्ति यथा वेदो वाननूक्तोऽन्यद्वा कर्माकृतम् ।
यदि ह वा अप्यनेवंविन्महत्पुण्यं कर्म करोति तद्धास्यान्ततः क्षीयत एव ।
आत्मानमेव लोकमुपासीत ।
स य आत्मानमेव लोकमुपास्ते न हास्य कर्म क्षीयते ।
अस्माद्ध्येवात्मनो यद्यत्कामयते तत्तत्सृजते ॥ १.४.१५ ॥
This is brahman, the kṣatra, the viś, and the śūdra. By fire alone brahman became brahman among the gods; among humans it became the brāhmaṇa. By the kṣatriya it became the kṣatriya, by the vaiśya the vaiśya, by the śūdra the śūdra. Therefore men desire a world among the gods in fire alone, and among humans in the brāhmaṇa. It was by these two forms that brahman came to be. Whoever departs from this world without seeing his own world, not knowing it, does not enjoy it, as with an unrecited Veda or an action not done. Even if one who does not know this performs a great meritorious act, in the end it is indeed exhausted. One should meditate upon the ātman alone as the world. Whoever meditates upon the ātman alone as the world, his action is not exhausted; for from this ātman alone he creates whatever he desires.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.16
अथो अयं वा आत्मा सर्वेषां भूतानां लोकः ।
स यज्जुहोति यद्यजते तेन देवानां लोकः ।
अथ यदनुब्रूते तेन ऋषीणाम् ।
अथ यत्पितृभ्यो निपृणाति यत्प्रजामिच्छते तेन पितॄणाम् ।
अथ यन्मनुष्यान् वासयते यदेभ्योऽशनं ददाति तेन मनुष्याणाम् ।
अथ यत्पशुभ्यस्तृणोदकं विन्दति तेन पशूनाम् ।
यदस्य गृहेषु श्वापदा वयांस्या पिपीलिकाभ्य उपजीवन्ति तेन तेषां लोकः ।
यथा ह वै स्वाय लोकायारिष्टिमिच्छेत् ।
एवं हैवंविदे सर्वदा सर्वाणि भूतान्यरिष्टिमिच्छन्ति ।
तद्वा एतद्विदितं मीमांसितम् ॥ १.४.१६ ॥
Moreover, this ātman is the world of all beings. Whoever offers oblations and sacrifices, by that is the world of the gods; whoever recites, by that is the world of the sages; whoever offers food and libation to the fathers and desires offspring, by that is the world of the fathers; whoever provides dwellings for men and gives them food, by that is the world of men; whoever finds grass and water for animals, by that is the world of animals. Those beasts, birds and ants that live off his houses are their world. As a man desires welfare for his own world, so for one who knows thus all beings always desire welfare. This has indeed been known and considered.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.4.17
आत्मैवेदमग्र आसीदेक एव ।
सोऽकामयत जाया मे स्यादथ प्रजायेय ।
अथ वित्तं मे स्यादथ कर्म कुर्वीयेति ।
एतावान् वै कामः ।
नेच्छंश्चनातो भूयो विन्देत् ।
तस्मादप्येतर्ह्येकाकी कामयते जाया मे स्यादथ प्रजायेयाथ वित्तं मे स्यादथ कर्म कुर्वीयेति ।
स यावदप्येतेषामेकैकं न प्राप्नोत्यकृत्स्न एव तावन्मन्यते ।
तस्यो कृत्स्नता ।
मन एवास्यात्मा ।
वाग्जाया ।
प्राणः प्रजा ।
चक्षुर्मानुषं वित्तम् ।
चक्षुषा हि तद्विन्दते ।
श्रोत्रं दैवम् ।
श्रोत्रेण हि तच्छृणोति ।
आत्मैवास्य कर्म ।
आत्मना हि कर्म करोति ।
स एष पाङ्क्तो यज्ञः ।
पाङ्क्तः पशुः ।
पाङ्क्तः पुरुषः ।
पाङ्क्तमिदं सर्वं यदिदं किञ्च ।
तदिदं सर्वमाप्नोति य एवं वेद ॥ १.४.१७ ॥
In the beginning this was the Self alone, one only. He desired: let there be a wife for me, then I shall have offspring; let there be wealth for me, then I shall perform action. Such indeed is desire. Even wishing, one does not obtain more than this. Therefore even now a man who is alone desires: let there be a wife for me, that I may have offspring; let there be wealth for me, that I may perform action. Until he obtains each one of these, he considers himself incomplete. His completeness is this: the mind is his self, speech is his wife, breath is his offspring, the eye is his human wealth, for it is by the eye that he obtains it; the ear is his divine wealth, for it is by the ear that he hears it; the self is his action, for it is by the self that he acts. This is the sacrifice of the row of five; the animal is the row of five; the person is the row of five. All this that exists is the row of five. Whoever knows thus obtains all this.