Yajurveda · Adhyāya 31
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31.1
सहस्रशीर्षा पुरुषः सहस्राक्षः सहस्रपात् ।
स भूमिꣳ सर्वत स्पृत्वात्य् अतिष्ठद् दशाङ्गुलम् ॥ ३१.१ ॥
The Person has a thousand heads, a thousand eyes, and a thousand feet. Enveloping the earth on every side, he stands beyond it by ten fingers' breadth.
31.2
पुरुषऽएवेदꣳ सर्वं यद् भूतं यच् च भाव्यम् ।
उतामृतत्वस्येशानो यद् अन्नेनातिरोहति ॥ ३१.२ ॥
All that has been and all that is to be is the Person. He is the lord of immortality, who rises beyond by means of food.
31.3
एतावान् अस्य महिमातो ज्यायाꣳश् च पूरुषः ।
पादो ऽस्य विश्वा भूतानि त्रिपाद् अस्यामृतं दिवि ॥ ३१.३ ॥
Such is his greatness; the Person is greater still. One quarter of him is all beings; three quarters of him is the immortal in heaven.
31.4
त्रिपाद् ऊर्ध्व उद् ऐत् पुरुषः पादो ऽस्येहाभवत् पुनः ।
ततो विष्वङ् व्यक्रामत् साशनानशने ऽ अभि ॥ ३१.४ ॥
Three quarters of him rose upward; one quarter of the Person came into being here again. Then he spread out everywhere, over both eating and non-eating beings.
31.5
तस्माद् विराड् अजायत विराजो ऽ अधि पूरुषः ।
स जातो ऽ अत्य् अरिच्यत पश्चाद् भूमिम् अथो पुरः ॥ ३१.५ ॥
From him the Virāj was born; over the Virāj the Person (appeared). Born, he surpassed the earth behind and also in front.
31.6
तस्माद् यज्ञात् सर्वहुतः सम्भृतं पृषदाज्यम् ।
पशूꣳस् ताꣳश् चक्रे वायव्यान् आरण्या ग्राम्याश् च ये ॥ ३१.६ ॥
From that sacrifice wholly offered, curds and ghee were gathered; for Vāyu he made those animals, the wild and the domestic.
31.7
तस्माद् यज्ञात् सर्वहुत ऽ ऋचः सामानि जज्ञिरे ।
छन्दाꣳसि जज्ञिरे तस्माद् यजुस् तस्माद् अजायत ॥ ३१.७ ॥
From that sacrifice wholly offered, the verses (ṛc) and chants (sāman) were born; from it the meters were born, from it the sacrificial formulas (yajus) were born.
31.8
तस्माद् अश्वा ऽ अजायन्त ये के चोभयादतः ।
गावो ह जज्ञिरे तस्मात् तस्माज् जाता ऽ अजावयः ॥ ३१.८ ॥
From that were born the horses, and whatever creatures have teeth on both sides. From that were born the cows; from that were born goats and sheep.
31.9
तं यज्ञं बर्हिषि प्रौक्षन् पुरुषं जातम् अग्रतः ।
तेन देवा ऽ अयजन्त साध्या ऽ ऋषयश् च ये ॥ ३१.९ ॥
They sprinkled that sacrifice, the Puruṣa who had been born, first upon the sacred grass. With him the gods, the Sādhyas, and the seers who were there performed the sacrifice.
31.10
यत् पुरुषं व्य् अदधुः कतिधा व्यकल्पयन् ।
मुखं किम् अस्य कौ बाहू का ऊरू पादा ऽ उच्येते ॥ ३१.१० ॥
When they divided the Puruṣa, into how many parts did they arrange him? What is said to be his mouth, what his two arms, what his two thighs, and what his two feet?
31.11
ब्राह्मणो ऽस्य मुखम् आसीद् बाहू राजन्यः कृतः ।
ऊरू तद् अस्य यद् वैश्यः पद्भ्याꣳ शूद्रो ऽ अजायत ॥ ३१.११ ॥
The Brahmin was his mouth; the Rājanya (warrior) was made from his arms. The Vaiśya is his thighs; from his feet the Śūdra was born.
31.12
चन्द्रमा मनसो जातश् चक्षोः सूर्यो ऽ अजायत ।
श्रोत्राद् वायुश् च प्राणश् च मुखाद् अग्निर् अजायत ॥ ३१.१२ ॥
The moon was born from the mind, and the sun was born from the eye. From the ear came wind and breath, and from the mouth fire was born.
31.13
नाभ्या ऽ आसीद् अन्तरिक्षꣳ शीर्ष्णो द्यौः सम् अवर्तत ।
पद्भ्यां भूमिर् दिशः श्रोत्रात् तथा लोकाꣳऽ अकल्पयन् ॥ ३१.१३ ॥
From the navel came the atmosphere; from the head the sky came into being. From the feet the earth, from the ear the directions — in this way they arranged the worlds.
31.14
यत् पुरुषेण हविषा देवा यज्ञम् अतन्वत ।
वसन्तो ऽस्यासीद् आज्यं ग्रीष्म ऽ इध्मः शरद् धविः ॥ ३१.१४ ॥
When the gods performed the sacrifice with Puruṣa as the oblation, spring became its clarified butter, summer its kindling, and autumn the oblation.
31.15
सप्तास्यासन् परिधयस् त्रिः सप्त समिधः कृताः ।
देवा यद् यज्ञं तन्वाना ऽ अबध्नन् पुरुषं पशुम् ॥ ३१.१५ ॥
Seven enclosing sticks were set around it, and twenty-one kindling sticks were prepared, when the gods, extending the sacrifice, bound Puruṣa as the victim.
31.16
यज्ञेन यज्ञम् अयजन्त देवास् तानि धर्माणि प्रथमान्य् आसन् ।
ते ह नाकं महिमानः सचन्त यत्र पूर्वे साध्याः सन्ति देवाः ॥ ३१.१६ ॥
The gods performed the sacrifice with sacrifice; those were the first ordinances. Glorious, they attained that heaven where the ancient Sādhya gods dwell.
31.17
अद्भ्यः सम्भृतः पृथिव्यै रसाच् च विश्वकर्मणः सम् अवर्तताग्रे ।
तस्य त्वष्टा विदधद् रूपम् एति तन् मर्त्यस्य देवत्वम् आजानम् अग्रे ॥ ३१.१७ ॥
From the waters, from the essence of the earth, from the All-maker it first came into being. Tvaṣṭṛ comes shaping its form; that mortal, born first, attained divinity.
31.18
वेदाहम् एतं पुरुषं महान्तम् आदित्यवर्णं तमसः परस्तात् ।
तम् एव विदित्वाति मृत्युम् एति नान्यः पन्था विद्यते ऽयनाय ॥ ३१.१८ ॥
I know this great Puruṣa, sun-coloured, beyond darkness. Knowing him alone, one passes over death; there is no other path to go by.
31.19
प्रजापतिश् चरति गर्भे ऽअन्तर् अजायमानो बहुधा वि जायते ।
तस्य योनिं परि पश्यन्ति धीरास् तस्मिन् ह तस्थुर् भुवनानि विश्वा ॥ ३१.१९ ॥
Prajāpati moves within the womb; though unborn, he is born in many forms. The wise behold his source; in him all worlds abide.
31.20
यो देवेभ्य ऽ आतपति यो देवानां पुरोहितः ।
पूर्वो यो देवेभ्यो जातो नमो रुचाय ब्राह्मये ॥ ३१.२० ॥
He who shines forth for the gods, the chief priest of the gods, who was born first before the gods — homage to the brahman radiance.
31.21
रुचं ब्राह्म्यं जनयन्तो देवा ऽ अग्रे तद् अब्रुवन् ।
यस् त्वैवं ब्राह्मणो विद्यात् तस्य देवा ऽ असन् वशे ॥ ३१.२१ ॥
The gods, bringing forth the brahman radiance, said at the beginning: the brahmin who knows thus—the gods would be under his control.
31.22
श्रीश् च ते लक्ष्मीश् च पत्न्याव् अहोरात्रे पार्श्वे नक्षत्राणि रूपम् अश्विनौ व्यात्ताम् ।
इष्णन्न् इषाणामुं म ऽ इषाण सर्वलोकं म ऽ इषाण ॥ ३१.२२ ॥
Śrī and Lakṣmī are your wives; day and night your flanks; the constellations your form; the Aśvins stand open. Desiring, grant that to me; grant me all worlds.