Upaniṣads · Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3
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Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.1
(उद्गीथब्राह्मणम्। वैराजब्राह्मणं वा।)
द्वया ह प्राजापत्या देवाश्चासुराश्च ततः कानीयसा एव देवा ज्यायसा असुराः ।
त एषु लोकेष्वस्पर्धन्त ।
ते ह देवा ऊचुर्हन्तासुरान् यज्ञ उद्गीथेनात्ययामेति ॥ १.३.१ ॥
(The Brāhmaṇa of the udgītha, or the Brāhmaṇa of Virāj.) There were two kinds of gods and asuras, descended from Prajāpati. Of these, the gods were the younger and the asuras the elder. They competed in these worlds. Then the gods said: 'Come, let us surpass the asuras in the sacrifice by means of the udgītha.'
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.2
ते ह वाचमूचुस्त्वं न उद्गायेति ।
तथेति तेभ्यो वागुदगायत् ।
यो वाचि भोगस्तं देवेभ्य आगायत् ।
यत्कल्याणं वदति तदात्मने ।
तेऽविदुरनेन वै न उद्गात्रात्येष्यन्तीति ।
तमभिद्रुत्य पाप्मनाविध्यन् ।
स यः स पाप्मा यदेवेदमप्रतिरूपं वदति ।
स एव स पाप्मा ॥ १.३.२ ॥
They said to speech: 'Chant the udgītha for us.' 'So be it,' said speech, and chanted for them. The enjoyment in speech it chanted for the gods; what speech says that is auspicious, it chanted for itself. The asuras knew: 'Through this chanter they will surpass us.' So they attacked it and pierced it with evil. That evil is precisely that which speaks what is unfitting—that is the evil.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.3
अथ ह प्राणमूचुस्त्वं न उद्गायेति ।
तथेति तेभ्यः प्राण उदगायत् ।
यः प्राणे भोगस्तं देवेभ्य आगायत् ।
यत्कल्याणं जिघ्रति तदात्मने ।
तेऽविदुरनेन वै न उद्गात्रात्येष्यन्तीति ।
तमभिद्रुत्य पाप्मनाविध्यन् ।
स यः स पाप्मा यदेवेदमप्रतिरूपं जिघ्रति ।
स एव स पाप्मा ॥ १.३.३ ॥
Then they said to breath: 'Chant the udgītha for us.' 'So be it,' said breath, and chanted for them. The enjoyment in breath it chanted for the gods; what is auspicious that it smells, it chanted for itself. The asuras knew: 'Through this chanter they will surpass us.' So they attacked it and pierced it with evil. That evil is precisely that which smells what is unfitting—that is the evil.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.4
अथ ह चक्षुरूचुस्त्वं न उद्गायेति ।
तथेति तेभ्यश्चक्षुरुदगायत् ।
यश्चक्षुषि भोगस्तं देवेभ्य आगायत् ।
यत्कल्याणं पश्यति तदात्मने ।
तेऽविदुरनेन वै न उद्गात्रात्येष्यन्तीति ।
तमभिद्रुत्य पाप्मनाविध्यन् ।
स यः स पाप्मा यदेवेदमप्रतिरूपं पश्यति ।
स एव स पाप्मा ॥ १.३.४ ॥
Then the eye said, "Sing the udgītha for us." "So be it," it said, and sang the udgītha for them. Whatever enjoyment there is in the eye, it sang for the gods. What is auspicious it sees for itself. They realized, "By this our udgātṛ will surpass us." They rushed upon it and pierced it with evil. That evil is precisely what sees this unfitting thing; that is the evil.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.5
अथ ह श्रोत्रमूचुस्त्वं न उद्गायेति ।
तथेति तेभ्यः श्रोत्रमुदगायत् ।
यः श्रोत्रे भोगस्तं देवेभ्य आगायत् ।
यत्कल्याणं शृणोति तदात्मने ।
तेऽविदुरनेन वै न उद्गात्रात्येष्यन्तीति ।
तमभिद्रुत्य पाप्मनाविध्यन् ।
स यः स पाप्मा ।
यदेवेदमप्रतिरूपं शृणोति ।
स एव स पाप्मा ॥ १.३.५ ॥
Then the ear said, "Sing the udgītha for us." "So be it," it said, and sang the udgītha for them. Whatever enjoyment there is in the ear, it sang for the gods. What is auspicious it hears for itself. They realized, "By this our udgātṛ will surpass us." They rushed upon it and pierced it with evil. That evil is precisely what hears this unfitting thing; that is the evil.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.6
अथ ह मन ऊचुस्त्वं न उद्गायेति ।
तथेति तेभ्यो मन उदगायत् ।
यो मनसि भोगस्तं देवेभ्य आगायत् ।
यत्कल्याणं संकल्पयति तदात्मने ।
तेऽविदुरनेन वै न उद्गात्रात्येष्यन्तीति ।
तमभिद्रुत्य पाप्मनाविध्यन् ।
स यः स पाप्मा ।
यदेवेदमप्रतिरूपं संकल्पयति ।
स एव स पाप्मा ।
एवमु खल्वेता देवताः पाप्मभिरुपासृजन् ।
एवमेनाः पाप्मनाविध्यन् ॥ १.३.६ ॥
Then the mind said, "Sing the udgītha for us." "So be it," it said, and sang the udgītha for them. Whatever enjoyment there is in the mind, it sang for the gods. What is auspicious it resolves for itself. They realized, "By this our udgātṛ will surpass us." They rushed upon it and pierced it with evil. That evil is precisely what resolves this unfitting thing; that is the evil. Thus indeed they joined these deities with evils. Thus they pierced them with evil.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.7
अथ हेममासन्यं प्राणमूचुस्त्वं न उद्गायेति ।
तथेति तेभ्य एष प्राण उदगायत् ।
तेऽविदुरनेन वै न उद्गात्रात्येष्यन्तीति ।
तमभिद्रुत्य पाप्मनाविव्यत्सन् ।
स यथाश्मानमृत्वा लोष्टो विध्वंसेतैवं हैव विध्वंसमाना विष्वञ्चो विनेशुः ।
ततो देवा अभवन्, परासुरा ।
भवत्यात्मना, परास्य द्विषन् भ्रातृव्यो भवति य एवं वेद ॥ १.३.७ ॥
Then they said to this breath, the one in the mouth called Āsanya, "Sing the udgītha for us." "So be it," it said, and sang the udgītha for them. They realized, "By this our udgātṛ will surpass us." They rushed upon it, wishing to pierce it with evil. As a clod of earth shatters when it strikes a stone, so they, shattered, perished scattered in every direction. Then the gods came to be, and the asuras were defeated. One who knows thus becomes prosperous by himself; his enemy is defeated, and his hateful rival is destroyed.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.8
ते होचुः क्व नु सोऽभूद्यो न इत्थमसक्तेति ।
अयमास्येऽन्तरिति ।
सोऽयास्य आङ्गिरसोऽङ्गानां हि रसः ॥ १.३.८ ॥
They said: "Where then has he gone, who was thus unattached to us?" "He is within the mouth." He is Ayāsya of the Aṅgiras line, for he is the essence (rasa) of the limbs (aṅga).
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.9
सा वा एषा देवता दूर्नाम ।
दूरं ह्यस्या मृत्युर् ।
दूरं ह वा अस्मान्मृत्युर्भवति य एवं वेद ॥ १.३.९ ॥
This goddess is named Dūr (Far). Death is far from her. For him who knows thus, death indeed becomes far from him.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.10
सा वा एषा देवतैतासां देवतानां पाप्मानं मृत्युमपहत्य यत्रासां दिशामन्तस्तद्गमयां चकार ।
तदासां पाप्मनो विन्यदधात् ।
तस्मान्न जनमियान्नान्तमियान्नेत्पाप्मानं मृत्युमन्ववायानीति ॥ १.३.१० ॥
This goddess, having driven away the evil (pāpman) and death of these gods, sent them to where the ends of these directions are. She placed that evil apart from them. Therefore a man should not go to the crowd of people, nor go to the end, lest he fall after evil and death.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.11
सा वा एषा देवतैतासां देवतानां पाप्मानं मृत्युमपहत्याथैना मृत्युमत्यवहत् ॥ १.३.११ ॥
This goddess, having driven away the evil (pāpman) and death of these gods, then carried them beyond death.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.12
सा वै वाचमेव प्रथमामत्यवहत् ।
सा यदा मृत्युमत्यमुच्यत सोऽग्निरभवत् ।
सोऽयमग्निः परेण मृत्युमतिक्रान्तो दीप्यते ॥ १.३.१२ ॥
She first carried speech beyond death. When she was released beyond death, she became Agni. This Agni, having passed beyond death, shines on the far side.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.13
अथ प्राणमत्यवहत् ।
स यदा मृत्युमत्यमुच्यत स वायुरभवत् ।
सोऽयं वायुः परेण मृत्युमतिक्रान्तः पवते ॥ १.३.१३ ॥
Then he carried breath beyond death. When it was released beyond death, it became Vāyu. This Vāyu, having passed beyond death, blows on the far side.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.14
अथ चक्षुरत्यवहत् ।
तद्यदा मृत्युमत्यमुच्यत स आदित्योऽभवत् ।
सोऽसावादित्यः परेण मृत्युमतिक्रान्तस्तपति ॥ १.३.१४ ॥
Then he carried sight beyond death. When it was released beyond death, it became the Sun (Āditya). That Sun, having passed beyond death, shines hot on the far side.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.15
अथ श्रोत्रमत्यवहत् ।
तद्यदा मृत्युमत्यमुच्यत ता दिशोऽभवन् ।
ता इमा दिशः परेण मृत्युमतिक्रान्ताः ॥ १.३.१५ ॥
Then he carried hearing beyond death. When it was released beyond death, it became the directions. These directions, having passed beyond death, lie on the far side.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.16
अथ मनोऽत्यवहत् ।
तद्यदा मृत्युमत्यमुच्यत स चन्द्रमा अभवत् ।
सोऽसौ चन्द्रः परेण मृत्युमतिक्रान्तो भाति ।
एवं ह वा एनमेषा देवता मृत्युमतिवहति य एवं वेद ॥ १.३.१६ ॥
Then the mind carried (death) across. When it was released beyond death, it became the moon. That moon shines, having passed beyond death. Thus this deity carries across death the one who knows it in this way.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.17
अथात्मनेऽन्नाद्यमागायत् ।
यद्धि किञ्चान्नमद्यतेऽनेनैव तदद्यते ।
इह प्रतितिष्ठति ॥ १.३.१७ ॥
Then it sang of food, fit to be eaten, for itself. Whatever food is eaten, it is eaten by this very one. It stands firm here.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.18
ते देवा अब्रुवन् ।
एतावद्वा इदं सर्वं यदन्नम् ।
तदात्मन आगासीः ।
अनु नोऽस्मिन्नन्न आभजस्वेति ।
ते वै माभिसंविशतेति ।
तथेति तं समन्तं परिण्यविशन्त ।
तस्माद्यदनेनान्नमत्ति तेनैतास्तृप्यन्ति ।
एवं ह वा एनं स्वा अभिसंविशन्ति भर्ता स्वानां श्रेष्ठः पुरएता भवत्यन्नादोऽधिपतिर्य एवं वेद ।
य उ हैवंविदं स्वेषु प्रतिर्बुभूषति न हैवालं भार्येभ्यो भवति ।
अथ य एवैतमनुभवति यो वैतमनु भार्यान् बुभूर्षति स हैवालं भार्येभ्यो भवति ॥ १.३.१८ ॥
Those gods said: 'This is all the food, just this much; give us a share in the food you have taken for yourself.' They said: 'Let us enter into it too.' Saying 'So be it,' they surrounded him on all sides and entered. Therefore, by whatever food this one eats, by that these (senses) are satisfied. For one who knows thus, his kinsmen enter into him; he becomes the supporter, the best, the leader, the eater of food and the lord of his kinsmen. One who wishes to rival such a knower among his kinsmen is not sufficient even for his wives; but one who follows this and desires wives after it is sufficient even for his wives.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.19
सोऽयास्य आङ्गिरसोऽङ्गानां हि रसः ।
प्राणो वा अङ्गानां रसः ।
प्राणो हि वा अङ्गानां रसः ।
तस्माद्यस्मात्कस्माच्चाङ्गात्प्राण उत्क्रामति तदेव तच्छुष्यति ।
एष हि वा अङ्गानां रसः ॥ १.३.१९ ॥
He is Ayāsya of the Āṅgirasas, for he is the essence of the limbs. Breath is indeed the essence of the limbs. Breath, truly, is the essence of the limbs. Therefore, from whichever limb the breath departs, that very limb withers. This indeed is the essence of the limbs.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.20
एष उ एव बृहस्पतिः ।
वाग्वै बृहती ।
तस्या एष पतिस्तस्मादु बृहस्पतिः ॥ १.३.२० ॥
This indeed is Bṛhaspati. Speech is indeed the great (bṛhatī). This is its lord, and therefore it is Bṛhaspati.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.21
एष उ एव ब्रह्मणस्पतिः ।
वाग्वै ब्रह्म ।
तस्या एष पतिस्तस्मादु ब्रह्मणस्पतिः ॥ १.३.२१ ॥
This indeed is Brahmaṇaspati. Speech is indeed brahman. This is its lord, and therefore it is Brahmaṇaspati.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.22
एष उ एव साम ।
वाग्वै सामैष सा चामश्चेति तत्साम्नः सामत्वम् ।
यद्वेव समः प्लुषिणा समो मशकेन समो नागेन सम एभिस्त्रिभिर्लोकैः समोऽनेन सर्वेण तस्माद्वेव साम ।
अश्नुते साम्नः सायुज्यं सलोकताम् ।
य एवमेतत्साम वेद ॥ १.३.२२ ॥
This indeed is the chant (sāman). Speech is indeed the chant, and this (speech) is 'sa' and 'ama'; thus is the chant's being sāman. Because it is equal to a blazing fire, equal to a mosquito, equal to an elephant; equal to these three worlds, equal to all this, therefore it is indeed the chant. He who knows the chant in this way attains union with the chant and dwelling in the same world.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.23
एष उ वा उद्गीथः ।
प्राणो वा उत्प्राणेन हीदं सर्वमुत्तब्धम् ।
वागेव गीथा ।
उच्च गीथा चेति ।
स उद्गीथः ॥ १.३.२३ ॥
This indeed is the udgītha. Breath (prāṇa) is indeed the udgītha, for by the upward breath all this is upheld. Speech is indeed the chant (gīthā); it is also 'high' gīthā — that is the udgītha.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.24
तद्धापि ब्रह्मदत्तश्चैकितानेयो राजानं भक्षयन्नुवाच ।
अयं त्यस्य राजा मूर्धानं विपातयताद्यदितोऽयास्य आङ्गिरसोऽन्येनोदगायदिति ।
वाचा च ह्येव स प्राणेन चोदगायदिति ॥ १.३.२४ ॥
Then Brahmadatta, son of Caikitāna, said to the king while he was eating: "If Ayāsya, the descendant of Aṅgiras, had sung the udgītha through another, may this king's head split apart right here today." For he had sung the udgītha with speech and with breath alone.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.25
तस्य हैतस्य साम्नो यः स्वं वेद भवति हास्य स्वम् ।
तस्य वै स्वर एव स्वम् ।
तस्मादार्त्विज्यं करिष्यन् वाचि स्वरमिच्छेत ।
तया वाचा स्वरसम्पन्नयार्त्विज्यं कुर्यात् ।
तस्माद्यज्ञे स्वरवन्तं दिदृक्षन्त एव ।
अथो यस्य स्वं भवति ।
भवति हास्य स्वं य एवमेतत्साम्नः स्वं वेद ॥ १.३.२५ ॥
Whoever knows the 'own' (svam) of this sāman comes to have his own. Its own is indeed the svara (tone). Therefore one who is about to perform the priestly office should desire tone in speech, and with that tone-endowed speech should perform the office. For this reason people in a sacrifice wish to see one who has tone. And whoever knows the 'own' of the sāman in this way comes to have his own.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.26
तस्य हैतस्य साम्नो यः सुवर्णं वेद भवति हास्य सुवर्णम् ।
तस्य वै स्वर एव सुवर्णम् ।
भवति हास्य सुवर्णं य एवमेतत्साम्नः सुवर्णं वेद ॥ १.३.२६ ॥
Whoever knows the 'gold' (suvarṇa) of this sāman comes to have gold. Its gold is indeed the svara (tone). Whoever knows the gold of the sāman in this way comes to have gold.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.27
तस्य हैतस्य साम्नो यः प्रतिष्ठां वेद प्रति ह तिष्ठति ।
तस्य वै वागेव प्रतिष्ठा ।
वाचि हि खल्वेष एतत्प्राणः प्रतिष्ठितो गीयते ।
अन्न इत्यु हैक आहुः ॥ १.३.२७ ॥
Whoever knows the foundation (pratiṣṭhā) of this sāman stands firm. Its foundation is indeed speech. For this breath, established in speech, is sung. Some say: in food.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1.3.28
अथातः पवमानानामेवाभ्यारोहः ।
स वै खलु प्रस्तोता साम प्रस्तौति ।
स यत्र प्रस्तुयात्तदेतानि जपेत् ।
असतो मा सद्गमय, तमसो मा ज्योतिर्गमय, मृत्योर्मामृतं गमयेति ।
स यदाहासतो मा सद्गमयेति ।
मृत्युर्वा असत्सदमृतं मृत्योर्मामृतं गमयामृतं मा कुर्वित्येवैतदाह ।
तमसो मा ज्योतिर्गमयेति ।
मृत्युर्वै तमो ज्योतिरमृतं मृत्योर्मामृतं गमयामृतं मा कुर्वित्येवैतदाह ।
मृत्योर्मामृतं गमयेति ।
नात्र तिरोहितमिवास्ति ।
अथ यानीतराणि स्तोत्राणि तेष्वात्मनेऽन्नाद्यमागायेत् ।
तस्मादु तेषु वरं वृणीत ।
यं कामं कामयेत्तम् ।
स एष एवंविदुद्गातात्मने वा यजमानाय वा यं कामं कामयते तमागायति ।
तद्धैतल्लोकजिदेव ।
न हैवालोक्यताया आशास्ति य एवमेतत्साम वेद ॥ १.३.२८ ॥
Now, the ascent of the purifying chants. The prastotṛ indeed sings forth the sāman. When he sings it forth, he should murmur these: 'Lead me from the unreal to the real, lead me from darkness to light, lead me from death to immortality.' When he says 'lead me from the unreal to the real,' he says, in effect, that death is the unreal and the real is immortality, so that he means: 'lead me from death to immortality, make me immortal.' When he says 'lead me from darkness to light,' he says, in effect, that death is darkness and light is immortality, so that he means: 'lead me from death to immortality, make me immortal.' Nothing is hidden here. As for the other praises, one should sing for oneself the food and such things. Therefore one should choose a boon among them; whatever desire one desires, that one should sing. The udgātṛ who knows thus and sings for himself or for the sacrificer whatever desire he desires, he is the conqueror of worlds. Indeed, for one who knows this sāman thus, there is no hope of being unseen.