Upaniṣads · Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4
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Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.1
(शारीरकब्राह्मणम्)
स यत्रायमात्माबल्यं न्येत्य संमोहमिव न्येति ।
अथैनमेते प्राणा अभिसमायन्ति ।
स एतास्तेजोमात्राः समभ्याददानो हृदयमेवान्ववक्रामति ।
स यत्रैष चाक्षुषः पुरुषः पराङ्पर्यावर्तते ।
अथारूपज्ञो भवति ॥ ४.४.१ ॥
When this ātman sinks into weakness, as if into unconsciousness, the vital breaths gather around him. Taking these particles of light, he withdraws into the heart itself. When this person of the eye turns away and goes back, he becomes unaware of form.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.2
एकीभवति न पश्यतीत्याहुः ।
एकीभवति न जिघ्रतीत्याहुः ।
एकीभवति न रसयतीत्याहुः ।
एकीभवति न वदतीत्याहुः ।
एकीभवति न शृणोतीत्याहुः ।
एकीभवति न मनुत इत्याहुः ।
एकीभवति न स्पृशतीत्याहुः ।
एकीभवति न विजानातीत्याहुः ।
तस्य हैतस्य हृदयस्याग्रं प्रद्योतते ।
तेन प्रद्योतेनैष आत्मा निष्क्रामति ।
चक्षुष्टो वा मूर्ध्नो वान्येभ्यो वा शरीरदेशेभ्यः ।
तमुत्क्रामन्तं प्राणोऽनूत्क्रामति ।
प्राणमनूत्क्रामन्तं सर्वे प्राणा अनूत्क्रामन्ति ।
सविज्ञनो भवति ।
संजानमेवान्ववक्रामति ।
तं विद्याकर्मणी समन्वारभेते पूर्वप्रज्ञा च ॥ ४.४.२ ॥
They say he becomes one and does not see; they say he becomes one and does not smell; they say he becomes one and does not taste; they say he becomes one and does not speak; they say he becomes one and does not hear; they say he becomes one and does not think; they say he becomes one and does not touch; they say he becomes one and does not know. The tip of this heart shines forth. By that light this ātman departs, either through the eye, or through the crown of the head, or through other parts of the body. As it departs, the prāṇa follows it out; following the prāṇa, all the prāṇas follow out. He becomes endowed with consciousness; with awareness he departs. Knowledge, deeds and former wisdom accompany him.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.3
तद्यथा तृणजलायुका तृणस्यान्तं गत्वान्यमाक्रममाक्रम्यात्मानमुपसंहरति ।
एवमेवायमात्मेदं शरीरं निहत्याविद्यां गमयित्वान्यमाक्रममाक्रम्यात्मानमुपसंहरति ॥ ४.४.३ ॥
Just as a caterpillar, having reached the end of a blade of grass, steps onto another and draws itself together, so this ātman, having cast off this body and caused ignorance to be crossed, steps onto another and draws itself together.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.4
तद्यथा पेशस्कारी पेशसो मात्रामपादायान्यन्नवतरं कल्याणतरं रूपं तनुते ।
एवमेवायमात्मेदं शरीरं निहत्याविद्यां गमयित्वान्यन्नवतरं कल्याणतरं रूपं कुरुते ।
पित्र्यं वा गान्धर्वं वा दैवं वा प्राजापत्यं वा ब्राह्मं वान्येषां वा भूतानाम् ॥ ४.४.४ ॥
Just as a goldsmith, taking a portion of gold, fashions another, newer and more beautiful form, so this ātman, having cast off this body and caused ignorance to be crossed, makes another, newer and more beautiful form — whether of the fathers, or of the gandharvas, or of the gods, or of Prajāpati, or of Brahmā, or of other beings.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.5
स वा अयमात्मा ब्रह्म विज्ञानमयो मनोमयो प्राणमयश्चक्षुर्मयः श्रोत्रमयः पृथिवीमय आपोमयो वायुमय आकाशमयस्तेजोमयोऽतेजोमयः काममयोऽकाममयः क्रोधमयोऽक्रोधमयो धर्ममयोऽधर्ममयः सर्वमयः ।
तद्यदेतदिदंमयोऽदोमय इति ।
यथाकारी यथाचारी तथा भवति ।
साधुकारी साधुर्भवति ।
पापकारी पापो भवति ।
पुण्यः पुण्येन कर्मणा पापः पापेन ।
अथो खल्वाहुः ।
काममय एवायं पुरुष इति ।
स यथाकामो भवति तत्क्रतुर्भवति ।
यत्क्रतुर्भवति तत्कर्म कुरुते ।
यत्कर्म कुरुते तदभिसंपद्यते ॥ ४.४.५ ॥
This ātman is brahman, made of understanding, made of mind, made of breath, made of sight, made of hearing, made of earth, made of water, made of air, made of space, made of fire and made of non-fire; made of desire and made of non-desire, made of anger and made of non-anger, made of dharma and made of adharma, made of all. It is also 'made of this' and 'made of that'. As one acts, as one conducts oneself, so one becomes. The one who does good becomes good; the one who does evil becomes evil. By virtuous action one becomes virtuous, by wicked action wicked. Moreover, people say: this person is indeed made of desire. As is his desire, so is his resolve; as is his resolve, so is the action he performs; and what action he performs, that he attains.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.6
तदेष श्लोको भवति
तदेव सक्तः सह कर्मणैति लिङ्गं मनो यत्र निषक्तमस्य ।
प्राप्यान्तं कर्मणस्तस्य यत्किञ्चेह करोत्ययम् ।
तस्माल्लोकात्पुनरैत्यस्मै लोकाय कर्मणे ।
इति नु कामयमानः ।
अथाकामयमानो योऽकामो निष्काम आप्तकाम आत्मकामो न तस्य प्राणा उत्क्रामन्ति ।
ब्रह्मैव सन् ब्रह्माप्येति ॥ ४.४.६ ॥
On this there is this verse: that to which the mind is fixed, attached to action, the subtle body goes together with that action. Having reached the end of that action, whatever one does here, from that world one comes back again to this world for action. Thus goes the one who desires. But the one who does not desire — who is without desire, free from desire, whose desires are fulfilled, whose desire is the self — his breaths do not depart; being brahman, he attains brahman.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.7
तदेष श्लोको भवति
यदा सर्वे प्रमुच्यन्ते कामा येऽस्य हृदि श्रिताः ।
अथ मर्त्योऽमृतो भवत्यत्र ब्रह्म समश्नुत इति ।
तद्यथाहिनिर्ल्वयनी वल्मीके मृता प्रत्यस्ता शयीत ।
एवमेवेदं शरीरं शेते ।
अथायमशरीरोऽमृतः प्राणो ब्रह्मैव तेज एव ।
सोऽहं भगवते सहस्रं ददामीति होवाच जनको वैदेहः ॥ ४.४.७ ॥
On this there is this verse: when all the desires that dwell in his heart are released, then the mortal becomes immortal and attains brahman right here. As a snake's slough lies cast off, dead, on an anthill, so this body lies. But this bodiless, immortal breath is indeed brahman, indeed radiance. 'I will give a thousand to the venerable one,' said Janaka of Videha.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.8
तदेते श्लोका भवन्ति
अणुः पन्था विततः पुराणो मां स्पृष्टोऽनुवित्तो मयैव ।
तेन धीरा अपियन्ति ब्रह्मविदः स्वर्गं लोकमित ऊर्ध्वं विमुक्ताः ॥ ४.४.८ ॥
On this there are these verses: this path is subtle, extended, and ancient. It has touched me, and by me it has been found. By it the steadfast knowers of brahman, liberated, go upward from here to the heavenly world.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.9
तस्मिञ्शुक्लमुत नीलमाहुः पिङ्गलं हरितं लोहितं च ।
एष पन्था ब्रह्मणा हानुवित्तस्तेनैति ब्रह्मवित्पुण्यकृत्तैजसश्च ॥ ४.४.९ ॥
In it they speak of white, dark blue, tawny, green and red. This path has indeed been found out by Brahman; by it goes the knower of brahman, the doer of good deeds, and the radiant one.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.10
अन्धं तमः प्रविशन्ति येऽविद्यामुपासते ।
ततो भूय इव ते तमो य उ विद्यायां रताः ॥ ४.४.१० ॥
Those who worship ignorance enter blind darkness; and those who delight only in knowledge go, as it were, into a darkness deeper still.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.11
अनन्दा नाम ते लोका अन्धेन तमसावृताः ।
तांस्ते प्रेत्याभिगच्छत्यविद्वांसोऽबुधा जनाः ॥ ४.४.११ ॥
Those worlds called joyless are covered with blind darkness; unknowing and unwise people, after death, go to them.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.12
आत्मानं चेद्विजानीयादयमस्मीति पुरुषः ।
किमिच्छन् कस्य कामाय शरीरमनु संज्वरेत् ॥ ४.४.१२ ॥
If a person knows the self, saying 'I am this', what would he desire, and for whose sake would he grieve over the body?
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.13
यस्यानुवित्तः प्रतिबुद्ध आत्मास्मिन् संदेह्ये गहने प्रविष्टः ।
स विश्वकृत्स हि सर्वस्य कर्ता तस्य लोकः स उ लोक एव ॥ ४.४.१३ ॥
He who has found and awakened to the ātman and has entered this hard-to-determine, deep place is indeed the maker of all, the creator of everything; his is that world, and that indeed is the world.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.14
इहैव सन्तोऽथ विद्मस्तद्वयं न चेदवेदिर्महती विनष्टिः ।
ये तद्विदुरमृतास्ते भवन्त्यथेतरे दुःखमेवापियन्ति ॥ ४.४.१४ ॥
Knowing it while still here, we attain it; if we do not know it, there is great ruin. Those who know it become immortal, but the others meet only sorrow.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.15
यदैतमनुपश्यत्यत्मानं देवमङ्जसा ।
ईशानं भूतभव्यस्य न ततो विजुगुप्सते ॥ ४.४.१५ ॥
When a person clearly sees this ātman, the shining god, the lord of what has been and what will be, then he no longer shrinks from him.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.16
यस्मादर्वाक्संवत्सरोऽहोभिः परिवर्तते ।
तद्देवा ज्योतिषां ज्योतिरायुर्होपासतेऽमृतम् ॥ ४.४.१६ ॥
That by which the year revolves here below through the days — the gods revere it as the light of lights, as immortal life.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.17
यस्मिन् पञ्च पञ्चजना आकाशश्च प्रतिष्ठितः ।
तमेव मन्य आत्मानं विद्वान् ब्रह्मामृतोऽमृतम् ॥ ४.४.१७ ॥
That in which the five groups of beings and space are established — that very self I regard as ātman. The knower, knowing it, becomes immortal in brahman, immortal indeed.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.18
प्राणस्य प्राणमुत चक्षुषश्चक्षुरुत श्रोत्रस्य श्रोत्रं मनसो ये मनो विदुः ।
ते निचिक्युर्ब्रह्म पुराणमग्र्यम् ॥ ४.४.१८ ॥
Those who know the life-breath of the breath, the eye of the eye, the ear of the ear, and the mind of the mind — they have understood the ancient, supreme brahman.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.19
मनसैवानुद्रष्टव्यं नेह नानास्ति किं चन ।
मृत्योः स मृत्युमाप्नोति य इह नानेव पश्यति ॥ ४.४.१९ ॥
It is to be seen only by the mind: there is no manifoldness whatever here. He who sees manifoldness here, as it were, goes from death to death.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.20
एकधैवानुद्रष्टव्यमेतदप्रमयं ध्रुवम् ।
विरजः पर आकाशादज आत्मा महान् ध्रुवः ॥ ४.४.२० ॥
It is to be seen in one way only: this is immeasurable and constant. Beyond space, stainless, unborn, great and constant is the self.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.21
तमेव धीरो विज्ञाय प्रज्ञां कुर्वीत ब्राह्मणः ।
नानुध्यायाद्बहूञ्छब्दान् वाचो विग्लापनं हि तदिति ॥ ४.४.२१ ॥
Knowing him alone, the steady one should cultivate wisdom. The brahmin should not meditate on many words; that is only a weariness of speech.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.22
स वा एष महानज आत्मा योऽयं विज्ञानमयः प्राणेषु ।
य एषोऽन्तर्हृदय आकाशस्तस्मिञ्छेते ।
सर्वस्य वशी ।
सर्वस्येशानः ।
सर्वस्याधिपतिः ।
स न साधुना कर्मणा भूयान् ।
नो एवासाधुना कनीयान् ।
एष सर्वेश्वरः ।
एष भूताधिपतिः ।
एष भूतपालः ।
एष सेतुर्विधरण एषां लोकानामसंभेदाय ।
तमेतं वेदानुवचनेन ब्राह्मणा विविदिषन्ति यज्ञेन दानेन तपसानाशकेन ।
एतमेव विदित्वा मुनिर्भवति ।
एतमेव प्रव्राजिनो लोकमिच्छन्तः प्रव्रजन्ति ॥ ४.४.२२ ॥
This is the great unborn Self, made of consciousness, who is among the breaths. The space within the heart, in that he rests. He is the controller of all, the lord of all, the sovereign of all. He does not grow greater by good action, nor smaller by bad. He is the lord of all, the ruler of beings, the protector of beings. He is the bridge and support that keeps these worlds from merging. Brahmins seek to know him through recitation of the Vedas, through sacrifice, giving, austerity and fasting. Knowing him alone one becomes a sage; desiring this very world, renunciants go forth.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.23
तदेतदृचाभ्युक्तम्
एष नित्यो महिमा ब्राह्मणस्य न कर्मणा वर्धते नो कनीयान् ।
तस्यैव स्यात्पदवित्तं विदित्वा न लिप्यते कर्मणा पापकेनेति ।
तस्मादेवंविच्छान्तो दान्त उपरतस्तितिक्षुः समाहितो भूत्वात्मन्येवात्मानं पश्यति ।
सर्वमात्मानं पश्यति ।
नैनं पाप्मा तरति ।
सर्वं पाप्मानं तरति ।
नैनं पाप्मा तपति ।
सर्वं पाप्मानं तपति ।
विपापो विरजोऽविचिकित्सो ब्राह्मणो भवति ।
एष ब्रह्मलोकः सम्राट् ।
एनं प्रापितोऽसीति होवाच याज्ञवल्क्यः ।
सोऽहं भगवते विदेहान् ददामि मां चापि सह दास्यायेति ॥ ४.४.२३ ॥
On this a verse is spoken: this eternal greatness of the brahmin is not increased by action, nor diminished. Knowing the knowledge of his path, one is not stained by evil action. Therefore one who knows thus, being calm, self-controlled, withdrawn, patient and composed, sees the self in the self. He sees the self in all. Evil does not cross over him; he crosses over all evil. Evil does not burn him; he burns all evil. Free from evil, free from passion, free from doubt, he becomes a brahmin. This is the world of Brahman, O sovereign. Yājñavalkya said: 'You have been led to it.' I give the Videhas to the venerable one, and myself too along with them as a servant.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.24
स वा एष महानज आत्मान्नादो वसुदानः ।
विन्दते वसु य एवं वेद ॥ ४.४.२४ ॥
This is the great unborn Self, the eater of food and giver of wealth. He who knows him thus obtains wealth.
Bṛhadāraṇyaka 4.4.25
स वा एष महानज आत्माजरोऽमरोऽमृतोऽभयो ब्रह्म ।
अभयं वै ब्रह्म ।
अभयं हि वै ब्रह्म भवति य एवं वेद ॥ ४.४.२५ ॥
He, this great unborn ātman, ageless, undying, immortal, fearless, is brahman. Brahman is indeed fearlessness. Whoever knows it thus indeed becomes fearless brahman.