Upaniṣads · Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9

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Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.1

(शाकल्यब्राह्मणग्रन्थो वा शाकल्यब्राह्मणम्)
अथ हैनं विदग्धः शाकल्यः पप्रच्छ कति देवा याज्ञवल्क्येति ।
स हैतयैव निविदा प्रतिपेदे यावन्तो वैश्वदेवस्य निविद्युच्यन्ते ।
त्रयश्च त्री च शता त्रयश्च त्री च सहस्रेति ।
ओमिति होवाच ।
कत्येव देवा याज्ञवल्क्येति ।
त्रयस्त्रिंशदिति ।
ओमिति होवाच ।
कत्येव देवा याज्ञवल्क्येति ।
षडिति ।
ओमिति होवाच ।
कत्येव देवा याज्ञवल्क्येति ।
त्रय इति ।
ओमिति होवाच ।
कत्येव देवा याज्ञवल्क्येति ।
द्वाविति ।
ओमिति होवाच ।
कत्येव देवा याज्ञवल्क्येति ।
अध्यर्ध इति ।
ओमिति होवाच ।
कत्येव देवा याज्ञवल्क्येति ।
एक इति ।
ओमिति होवाच ।
कतमे ते त्रयश्च त्री च शता त्रयश्च त्री च सहस्रेति ॥ ३.९.१ ॥

Then Śākalya, the clever one, asked him: "Yājñavalkya, how many gods are there?" He answered with the same nivid formula used for the Viśvedevas: "Three hundred and three, and three thousand." "Yes." "Yājñavalkya, how many gods are there?" "Thirty-three." "Yes." "Six." "Yes." "Three." "Yes." "Two." "Yes." "One and a half." "Yes." "One." "Yes." Śākalya said: "Then which are the three hundred and three and the three thousand?"

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.2

स होवाच महिमान एवैषामेते ।
त्रयस्त्रिंशत्त्वेव देवा इति ।
कतमे ते त्रयस्त्रिंशदिति ।
अष्टौ वसव एकादश रुद्रा द्वादशादित्याः त एकत्रिंशदैन्द्रश्चैव प्रजापतिश्च त्रयस्त्रिंशाविति ॥ ३.९.२ ॥

He said: "These are only their glories. The gods are truly thirty-three." "Which are those thirty-three?" "The eight Vasus, the eleven Rudras, the twelve Ādityas — that makes thirty-one — and Indra and Prajāpati; these are the thirty-three."

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.3

कतमे वसव इति ।
अग्निश्च पृथिवी च वायुश्चान्तरिक्षं चादित्यश्च द्यौः च चन्द्रमाश्च नक्षत्राणि चैते वसवः ।
एतेषु हीदं सर्वं वसु हितं इति तस्माद्वसव इति ॥ ३.९.३ ॥

"Which are the Vasus?" "Fire, earth, wind, the atmosphere, the sun, the sky, the moon, and the stars — these are the Vasus. In them this whole wealth is placed, so they are called Vasus."

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.4

कतमे रुद्रा इति ।
दशेमे पुरुषे प्राणा आत्मैकादशः ।
ते यदास्माच्छरीरान्मर्त्यादुत्क्रामन्त्यथ रोदयन्ति ।
तद्यद्रोदयन्ति तस्माद्रुद्रा इति ॥ ३.९.४ ॥

"Which are the Rudras?" "In a person there are these ten vital breaths, and the self is the eleventh. When they depart from this mortal body, people weep. Because they make them weep, they are called Rudras."

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.5

कतम आदित्या इति ।
द्वादश वै मासाः संवत्सरस्यैत आदित्याः ।
एते हीदं सर्वमाददाना यन्ति ।
ते यदिदं सर्वमाददाना यन्ति तस्मादादित्या इति ॥ ३.९.५ ॥

Which are the Ādityas? The twelve months of the year are these Ādityas. For these go, taking all this with them. Because they go taking all this, therefore they are called Ādityas.

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.6

कतम इन्द्रः कतमः प्रजापतिरिति ।
स्तनयित्नुरेवेन्द्रो यज्ञः प्रजापतिरिति ।
कतमः स्तनयित्नुरिति ।
अशनिरिति ।
कतमो यज्ञ इति ।
पशव इति ॥ ३.९.६ ॥

Who is Indra, and who is Prajāpati? The thunder itself is Indra; the sacrifice is Prajāpati. Which is the thunder? The lightning bolt. Which is the sacrifice? The animals.

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.7

कतमे षडिति ।
अग्निश्च पृथिवी च वायुश्चान्तरिक्षश्चादित्यश्च द्यौश्चैते षट् ।
एते हीदं सर्वं षडिति ॥ ३.९.७ ॥

Which are the six? Fire, the earth, the wind, the atmosphere, the sun, and the sky — these six. For these six are all this.

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.8

कतमे ते त्रयो देवा इति ।
इम एव त्रयो लोकाः ।
एषु हीमे सर्वे देवा इति ।
कतमौ तौ द्वौ देवा इति ।
अन्नं चैव प्राणश्चेति ।
कतमोऽध्यर्ध इति ।
योऽयं पवत इति ॥ ३.९.८ ॥

Which are those three gods? These very three worlds, for in them are all these gods. Which are those two gods? Food and breath. Which is the one and a half? This wind that blows (pavamāna).

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.9

तदाहुर्यदयमेक इवैव पवते ।
अथ कथमध्यर्ध इति ।
यदस्मिन्निदं सर्वमध्यार्ध्नोत्तेनाध्यर्ध इति ।
कतम एको देव इति ।
प्राण इति ।
स ब्रह्म त्यदित्याचक्षते ॥ ३.९.९ ॥

They say: this one seems to blow as if it were one alone. Then why is it called 'adhyardha' (one and a half)? Because it upheld all this within it, therefore it is 'adhyardha'. Which is the one god? Breath (prāṇa). They call that brahman, 'that' (tat).

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.10

पृथिव्येव यस्यायतनमग्निर्लोको मनो ज्योतिर्यो वै तं पुरुषं विद्यात्सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं स वै वेदिता स्यात् ।
याज्ञवल्क्य वेद वा अहं तं पुरुषं सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं यमात्थ ।
य एवायं शारीरः पुरुषः स एषः ।
वदैव शाकल्य तस्य का देवतेति ।
अमृतमिति होवाच ॥ ३.९.१० ॥

Whose abode is the earth, whose world is fire, whose light is mind, he who knows that person as the supreme refuge of all the self — he would be the knower. Yājñavalkya: I know that person, the supreme refuge of all the self, of whom you speak. He is this person who dwells in the body. Tell me, Śākalya, what is his deity? He said: immortality.

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.11

काम एव यस्यायतनं हृदयं लोको मनो ज्योतिर्यो वै तं पुरुषं विद्यात्सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं स वै वेदिता स्यात् ।
याज्ञवल्क्य वेद वा अहं तं पुरुषं सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं यमात्थ ।
य एवायं काममयः पुरुषः स एषः ।
वदैव शाकल्य तस्य का देवतेति ।
स्त्रिय इति होवाच ॥ ३.९.११ ॥

Whose abode is desire, whose abode is the heart, whose world is the mind, whose light is mind — he who knows that person as the supreme refuge of all the self, he would be the knower. Yājñavalkya: I know that person, the supreme refuge of all the self, of whom you speak. He is this person made of desire. Tell me, Śākalya, what is his deity? He said: women.

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.12

रूपाण्येव यस्यायतनं चक्षुर्लोको मनो ज्योतिर्यो वै तं पुरुषं विद्यात्सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं स वै वेदिता स्यात् ।
याज्ञवल्क्य वेद वा अहं तं पुरुषं सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं यमात्थ ।
य एवासावादित्ये पुरुषः स एषः ।
वदैव शाकल्य तस्य का देवतेति ।
सत्यमिति होवाच ॥ ३.९.१२ ॥

Whose abode is forms, whose abode is the eye, whose world is the eye, whose light is mind — he who knows that person as the supreme refuge of all the self, he would be the knower. Yājñavalkya: I know that person, the supreme refuge of all the self, of whom you speak. He is that person who is in the sun. Tell me, Śākalya, what is his deity? He said: truth (satya).

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.13

आकश एव यस्यायतनं श्रोत्रं लोको मनो ज्योतिर्यो वै तं पुरुषं विद्यात्सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं स वै वेदिता स्यात् ।
याज्ञवल्क्य वेद वा अहं तं पुरुषं सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं यमात्थ ।
य एवायं श्रौतः प्रातिश्रुत्कः पुरुषः स एष ।
वदैव शाकल्य तस्य का देवतेति ।
दिश इति होवच ॥ ३.९.१३ ॥

He whose abode is space, whose hearing, world, mind and light are his: whoever knows that person, the final refuge of the self of all, he indeed will be a knower. Yājñavalkya: O Śākalya, I know that person, the final refuge of the self of all, of whom you speak. It is this person who is in the echo, the one heard in the ear. Tell me, Śākalya, what is his deity? He said: the directions.

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.14

तम एव यस्यायतनं हृदयं लोको मनो ज्योतिर्यो वै तं पुरुषं विद्यात्सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं स वै वेदिता स्यात् ।
याज्ञवल्क्य वेद वा अहं तं पुरुषं सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं यमात्थ ।
य एवायं छायामयः पुरुषः स एषः ।
वदैव शाकल्य तस्य का देवतेति ।
मृत्युरिति होवाच ॥ ३.९.१४ ॥

He whose abode is darkness, whose heart, world, mind and light are his: whoever knows that person, the final refuge of the self of all, he indeed will be a knower. Yājñavalkya: O Śākalya, I know that person, the final refuge of the self of all, of whom you speak. It is this person made of shadow. Tell me, Śākalya, what is his deity? He said: death.

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.15

रूपाण्येव यस्यायतनं हृदयं लोको मनो ज्योतिर्यो वै तं पुरुषं विद्यात्सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं स वै वेदिता स्यात् ।
याज्ञवल्क्य वेद वा अहं तं पुरुषं सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं यमात्थ ।
य एवायमादर्शे पुरुषः स एषः ।
वदैव शाकल्य तस्य का देवतेति ।
सत्यमिति होवाच ॥ ३.९.१५ ॥

He whose abode is forms, whose heart, world, mind and light are his: whoever knows that person, the final refuge of the self of all, he indeed will be a knower. Yājñavalkya: O Śākalya, I know that person, the final refuge of the self of all, of whom you speak. It is this person who appears in the mirror. Tell me, Śākalya, what is his deity? He said: truth.

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.16

आप एव यस्यायतनं हृदयं लोको मनो ज्योतिर्यो वै तं पुरुषं विद्यात्सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं स वै वेदिता स्यात् ।
याज्ञवल्क्य वेद वा अहं तं पुरुषं सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं यमात्थ ।
य एवायं अप्सु पुरुषः स एषः ।
वदैव शाकल्य तस्य का देवतेति ।
वरुण इति होवाच ॥ ३.९.१६ ॥

He whose abode is the waters, whose heart, world, mind and light are his: whoever knows that person, the final refuge of the self of all, he indeed will be a knower. Yājñavalkya: O Śākalya, I know that person, the final refuge of the self of all, of whom you speak. It is this person who dwells in the waters. Tell me, Śākalya, what is his deity? He said: Varuṇa.

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.17

रेत एव यस्यायतनं हृदयं लोको मनो ज्योतिर्यो वै तं पुरुषं विद्यात्सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं स वै वेदिता स्यात् ।
याज्ञवल्क्य वेद वा अहं तं पुरुषं सर्वस्यात्मनः परायणं यमात्थ ।
य एवायं पुत्रमयः पुरुषः स एषः ।
वदैव शाकल्य तस्य का देवतेति ।
प्रजापतिरिति होवाच ॥ ३.९.१७ ॥

He whose abode is seed, whose heart is the world, whose light is mind—that Person one should know, the final refuge of the ātman of all. He indeed will be a knower. Yājñavalkya: I know that Person, the final refuge of the ātman of all, of whom you speak. The Person made of son is indeed this one. Śākalya, tell me, what is his deity? He said: Prajāpati.

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.18

शाकल्येति होवाच याज्ञवल्क्यः ।
त्वां स्विदिमे ब्राह्मणा अङ्गारावक्षयणमक्रता३ इति ॥ ३.९.१८ ॥

Yājñavalkya said: "Śākalya, have these brahmins made you a heap of embers?"

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.19

याज्ञवल्क्येति होवाच शाकल्यः ।
यदिदं कुरुपञ्चालानां ब्राह्मनानत्यवादीः किं ब्रह्म विद्वानिति ।
दिशो वेद सदेवाः सप्रतिष्ठा इति ।
यद्दिशो वेत्थ सदेवाः सप्रतिष्ठाः ॥ ३.९.१९ ॥

Śākalya said: "Yājñavalkya, since you have overcome the brahmins of the Kurus and Pañcālas, do you know brahman?" Yājñavalkya: "I know the directions together with the gods and their foundations." Śākalya: "If you know the directions together with the gods and their foundations…"

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.20

किंदेवतोऽस्यां प्राच्यां दिश्यसीति ।
आदित्यदेवत इति ।
स आदित्यः कस्मिन् प्रतिष्ठित इति ।
चक्षुषीति ।
कस्मिन्नु चक्षुः प्रतिष्ठितमिति ।
रूपेष्विति ।
चक्षुषा हि रूपाणि पश्यति ।
कस्मिन्नु रूपाणि प्रतिष्ठितानीति ।
हृदय इति होवाच ।
हृदयेन हि रूपाणि जानाति ।
हृदये ह्येव रूपाणि प्रतिष्ठितानि भवन्तीति ।
एवमेवैतद्याज्ञवल्क्य ॥ ३.९.२० ॥

"In this eastern direction, with what deity are you?" "With the sun as deity." "In what is that sun established?" "In the eye." "In what is the eye established?" "In forms." "Indeed, by the eye one sees forms. In what are forms established?" He said: "In the heart. Indeed, by the heart one knows forms, and forms are established in the heart alone." "So it is indeed, Yājñavalkya."

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.21

किंदेवतोऽस्यां दक्षिणायां दिश्यसीति ।
यमदेवत इति ।
स यमः कस्मिन् प्रतिष्ठित इति ।
यज्ञ इति ।
कस्मिन्नु यज्ञः प्रतिष्ठित इति ।
दक्षिणायामिति ।
कस्मिन्नु दक्षिणा प्रतिष्ठितेति ।
श्रद्धायामिति ।
यदा ह्येव श्रद्धत्तेऽथ दक्षिणां ददाति ।
श्रद्धायां ह्येव दक्षिणा प्रतिष्ठितेति ।
कस्मिन्नु श्रद्धा प्रतिष्ठितेति ।
हृदय इति होवाच ।
हृदयेन हि श्रद्धाम् ।
हृदये ह्येव श्रद्धा प्रतिष्ठिता भवतीति ।
एवमेवैतद्याज्ञवल्क्य ॥ ३.९.२१ ॥

In this southern quarter, with which deity are you? With Yama as deity. In what is that Yama established? In the sacrifice. In what is the sacrifice established? In the dakṣiṇā (sacrificial fee). In what is the dakṣiṇā established? In śraddhā (faith), for only when one has faith does one give the fee; the dakṣiṇā is established in faith alone. In what is śraddhā established? In the heart, he said, for it is by the heart that one knows faith; faith is established in the heart alone. So it is indeed, O Yājñavalkya.

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.22

किंदेवतोऽस्यां प्रतीच्यां दिश्यसीति ।
वरुणदेवत इति ।
स वरुणः कस्मिन् प्रतिष्ठित इति ।
अप्स्विति ।
कस्मिन्न्वापः प्रतिष्ठिता इति ।
रेतसीति ।
कस्मिन्नु रेतः प्रतिष्ठितमिति ।
हृदय इति ।
तस्मादपि प्रतिरूपं जातमाहुर्हृदयादिव सृप्तो हृदयादिव निर्मित इति ।
हृदये ह्येव रेतः प्रतिष्ठितं भवतीति ।
एवमेवैतद्याज्ञवल्क्य ॥ ३.९.२२ ॥

In this western quarter, with which deity are you? With Varuṇa as deity. In what is that Varuṇa established? In the waters. In what are the waters established? In the seed (retas). In what is the seed established? In the heart. That is why they say that what is born is like its form, as if emitted from the heart, as if formed from the heart. The seed is established in the heart alone. So it is indeed, O Yājñavalkya.

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.23

किंदेवतोऽस्यामुदीच्यां दिश्यसीति ।
सोमदेवत इति ।
स सोमः कस्मिन् प्रतिष्ठित इति ।
दीक्षायामिति ।
कस्मिन्नु दिक्षा प्रतिष्ठितेति ।
सत्य इति ।
तस्मादपि दीक्षितमाहुः सत्यं वदेति ।
सत्ये ह्येव दीक्षा प्रतिष्ठितेति ।
कस्मिन्नु सत्यं प्रतिष्ठितमिति ।
हृदय इति होवाच ।
हृदयेन हि सत्यं जानाति ।
हृदये ह्येव सत्यं प्रतिष्ठितं भवतीति ।
एवमेवैतद्याज्ञवल्क्य ॥ ३.९.२३ ॥

In this northern quarter, with which deity are you? With Soma as deity. In what is that Soma established? In initiation (dīkṣā). In what is initiation established? In truth, he said. That is why people say to one who is initiated, 'Speak the truth'; for initiation is established in truth alone. In what is truth established? In the heart, he said, for it is by the heart that one knows truth; truth is established in the heart alone. So it is indeed, O Yājñavalkya.

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.24

किंदेवतोऽस्यां ध्रुवायां दिश्यसीति ।
अग्निदेवत इति ।
सोऽग्निः कस्मिन् प्रतिष्ठित इति ।
वाचीति ।
कस्मिन्नु वाक्प्रतिष्ठितेति ।
हृदय इति ।
कस्मिन्नु हृदयं प्रतिष्ठितमिति ॥ ३.९.२४ ॥

In this fixed quarter, with which deity are you? With Agni as deity. In what is that Agni established? In speech (vāc). In what is speech established? In the heart. In what is the heart established?

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.25

अहल्लिकेति होवाच याज्ञवल्क्यः ।
यत्रैतदन्यत्रास्मन्मन्यासै ।
यद्ध्येतदन्यत्रास्मत्स्याच्छ्वानो वैनदद्युर्वयांसि वैनद्विमथ्नीरन्निति ॥ ३.९.२५ ॥

Yājñavalkya said: "So be it. If you think this is something apart from us, then if it were apart from us, dogs might devour it, or birds might tear it apart."

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3.9.26

कस्मिन्नु त्वं चात्मा च प्रतिष्ठितौ स्थ इति ।
प्राण इति ।
कस्मिन्नु प्राणः प्रतिष्ठित इति ।
अपान इति ।
कस्मिन्न्वपानः प्रतिष्ठित इति ।
व्यान इति ।
कस्मिन्नु व्यानः प्रतिष्ठित इति ।
उदान इति ।
कस्मिन्नूदानः प्रतिष्ठित इति ।
समान इति ।
स एष नेति नेत्यात्मा ।
अगृह्यो न हि गृह्यते ।
अशीर्यो न हि शीर्यते ।
असङ्गो न सज्यते ।
असितो न व्यथते ।
न रिष्यति ।
एतान्यष्टावायतनान्यष्टौ लोका अद्द्. अष्टौ देवा अष्टौ पुरुषाः ।
स यस्तान् पुरुषान्निरुह्य प्रत्युह्यात्यक्रामत्तं त्वौपनिषदं पुरुषं पृच्छामि ।
तं चेन्मे न विवक्ष्यसि मूर्धा ते विपतिष्यतीति ।
तं ह न मेने शाकल्यस्।
तस्य ह मूर्धा विपपात ।
अपि हास्य परिमोषिणोऽस्थीन्यपजह्रुरन्यन्मन्यमानाः ॥ ३.९.२६ ॥

"In what are you and the self established?" "In breath." "In what is breath established?" "In apāna." "In what is apāna?" "In vyāna." "In what is vyāna?" "In udāna." "In what is udāna?" "In samāna." That self is 'not this, not this' (neti neti). It cannot be grasped, for it is not grasped; it does not decay; it does not cling; it is not bound; it does not suffer; it is not harmed. These are the eight supports, eight worlds, eight gods, eight persons. I ask about that Upaniṣadic person who, having separated out and drawn back those persons, went beyond them. If you do not tell me, your head will fall." Śākalya did not accept this. Then his head fell. Thieves even carried off his bones, thinking them something else.