Bhagavad Gītā · Chapter 8
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8.1
किं तद्ब्रह्म किमध्यात्मं किं कर्म पुरुषोत्तम ।
अधिभूतं च किं प्रोक्तमधिदैवं किमुच्यते ॥ ८.१ ॥
Arjuna said: What is that Brahman? What is adhyātma? What is karma, Puruṣottama? What is declared to be adhibhūta, and what is called adhidaiva?
8.2
अधियज्ञः कथं कोऽत्र देहेऽस्मिन्मधुसूदन ।
प्रयाणकाले च कथं ज्ञेयोऽसि नियतात्मभिः ॥ ८.२ ॥
Who is adhiyajña here in this body, and how, Madhusūdana? And how are you to be known at the time of departure by those who are self-controlled?
8.3
अक्षरं ब्रह्म परमं स्वभावोऽध्यात्ममुच्यते ।
भूतभावोद्भवकरो विसर्गः कर्मसंज्ञितः ॥ ८.३ ॥
The Lord said: Brahman is the imperishable, the supreme; its own nature is called adhyātma. The creative offering that brings beings into existence is called karma.
8.4
अधिभूतं क्षरो भावः पुरुषश्चाधिदैवतम् ।
अधियज्ञोऽहमेवात्र देहे देहभृतां वर ॥ ८.४ ॥
Adhibhūta is perishable existence; adhidaivata is the Puruṣa; and I myself am adhiyajña here in the body, O best of the embodied.
8.5
अन्तकाले च मामेव स्मरन्मुक्त्वा कलेवरम् ।
यः प्रयाति स मद्भावं याति नास्त्यत्र संशयः ॥ ८.५ ॥
And whoever, at the time of the end, leaves the body and departs remembering me alone, attains my being; of this there is no doubt.
8.6
यं यं वापि स्मरन्भावं त्यजत्यन्ते कलेवरम् ।
तं तमेवैति कौन्तेय सदा तद्भावभावितः ॥ ८.६ ॥
Whatever state of being one remembers when at the end one leaves the body, to that very state one goes, Kaunteya, having always been absorbed in it.
8.7
तस्मात्सर्वेषु कालेषु मामनुस्मर युध्य च ।
मय्यर्पितमनोबुद्धिर्मामेवैष्यस्यसंशयम् ॥ ८.७ ॥
Therefore, at all times remember me and fight. With mind and understanding offered to me, you will come to me alone, without doubt.
8.8
अभ्यासयोगयुक्तेन चेतसा नान्यगामिना ।
परमं पुरुषं दिव्यं याति पार्थानुचिन्तयन् ॥ ८.८ ॥
With a mind disciplined by the yoga of practice and not straying elsewhere, Pārtha, one who meditates constantly goes to the supreme divine Person.
8.9
कविं पुराणमनुशासितार ।
मणोरणीयांसमनुस्मरेद्यः ।
सर्वस्य धातारमचिन्त्यरूप ।
मादित्यवर्णं तमसः परस्तात् ॥ ८.९ ॥
Whoever remembers the Seer, the Ancient, the Ruler, subtler than the subtle, the Sustainer of all, of inconceivable form, radiant as the sun, beyond darkness—
8.10
प्रयाणकाले मनसाऽचलेन ।
भक्त्या युक्तो योगबलेन चैव ।
भ्रुवोर्मध्ये प्राणमावेश्य सम्यक् ।
स तं परं पुरुषमुपैति दिव्यम् ॥ ८.१० ॥
At the time of departure, with an unmoving mind, joined with devotion and by the power of yoga, having rightly fixed the life-breath between the brows, he reaches that supreme divine Person.
8.11
यदक्षरं वेदविदो वदन्ति ।
विशन्ति यद्यतयो वीतरागाः ।
यदिच्छन्तो ब्रह्मचर्यं चरन्ति ।
तत्ते पदं संग्रहेण प्रवक्ष्ये ॥ ८.११ ॥
That which the knowers of the Veda call the Imperishable, which ascetics free from passion enter, and desiring which people practise brahmacarya—that state I will declare to you briefly.
8.12
सर्वद्वाराणि संयम्य मनो हृदि निरुध्य च ।
मूर्ध्न्याधायात्मनः प्राणमास्थितो योगधारणाम् ॥ ८.१२ ॥
Restraining all the gates of the body, confining the mind in the heart, placing his life-breath in the head, established in yogic concentration—
8.13
ओमित्येकाक्षरं ब्रह्म व्याहरन्मामनुस्मरन् ।
यः प्रयाति त्यजन्देहं स याति परमां गतिम् ॥ ८.१३ ॥
Whoever departs, leaving the body while uttering Om, the one-syllable Brahman, and remembering me, reaches the supreme goal.
8.14
अनन्यचेताः सततं यो मां स्मरति नित्यशः ।
तस्याहं सुलभः पार्थ नित्ययुक्तस्य योगिनः ॥ ८.१४ ॥
Whoever, with a mind turned to nothing else, remembers me constantly and always, Pārtha, for that ever-united yogin I am easy to reach.
8.15
मामुपेत्य पुनर्जन्म दुःखालयमशाश्वतम् ।
नाप्नुवन्ति महात्मानः संसिद्धिं परमां गताः ॥ ८.१५ ॥
Having come to me, the great-souled ones, who have reached the highest perfection, do not again take birth, which is the home of sorrow and impermanent.
8.16
आब्रह्मभुवनाल्लोकाः पुनरावर्तिनोऽर्जुन ।
मामुपेत्य तु कौन्तेय पुनर्जन्म न विद्यते ॥ ८.१६ ॥
All worlds, up to the realm of Brahmā, are subject to return, Arjuna; but for one who has come to me, Kaunteya, there is no rebirth.
8.17
सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तमहर्यद्ब्रह्मणो विदुः ।
रात्रिं युगसहस्रान्तां तेऽहोरात्रविदो जनाः ॥ ८.१७ ॥
Those who know that a day of Brahmā lasts a thousand yugas, and that his night ends only after a thousand yugas, are the people who know day and night.
8.18
अव्यक्ताद्व्यक्तयः सर्वाः प्रभवन्त्यहरागमे ।
रात्र्यागमे प्रलीयन्ते तत्रैवाव्यक्तसंज्ञके ॥ ८.१८ ॥
At the coming of day all manifest things arise from the unmanifest; at the coming of night they dissolve into that very thing called the unmanifest.
8.19
भूतग्रामः स एवायं भूत्वा भूत्वा प्रलीयते ।
रात्र्यागमेऽवशः पार्थ प्रभवत्यहरागमे ॥ ८.१९ ॥
This same multitude of beings, coming into being again and again, dissolves helplessly when night arrives, Pārtha, and comes forth again when day arrives.
8.20
परस्तस्मात्तु भावोऽन्योऽव्यक्तोऽव्यक्तात्सनातनः ।
यः स सर्वेषु भूतेषु नश्यत्सु न विनश्यति ॥ ८.२० ॥
But beyond that unmanifest there is another, eternal unmanifest existence, which does not perish when all beings perish.
8.21
अव्यक्तोऽक्षर इत्युक्तस्तमाहुः परमां गतिम् ।
यं प्राप्य न निवर्तन्ते तद्धाम परमं मम ॥ ८.२१ ॥
That unmanifest is called the imperishable; they declare it the supreme goal. Having reached it, none return; that is my supreme abode.
8.22
पुरुषः स परः पार्थ भक्त्या लभ्यस्त्वनन्यया ।
यस्यान्तःस्थानि भूतानि येन सर्वमिदं ततम् ॥ ८.२२ ॥
That supreme Person, Pārtha, within whom all beings dwell and by whom all this is pervaded, is attained through undivided devotion.
8.23
यत्र काले त्वनावृत्तिमावृत्तिं चैव योगिनः ।
प्रयाता यान्ति तं कालं वक्ष्यामि भरतर्षभ ॥ ८.२३ ॥
Now I shall tell you, Bharatarṣabha, of the time at which yogis, departing, go to non-return and also to return.
8.24
अग्निर्ज्योतिरहः शुक्लः षण्मासा उत्तरायणम् ।
तत्र प्रयाता गच्छन्ति ब्रह्म ब्रह्मविदो जनाः ॥ ८.२४ ॥
Fire, light, day, the bright fortnight, the six months of the sun's northern course: departing then, those who know Brahman go to Brahman.
8.25
धूमो रात्रिस्तथा कृष्णः षण्मासा दक्षिणायनम् ।
तत्र चान्द्रमसं ज्योतिर्योगी प्राप्य निवर्तते ॥ ८.२५ ॥
Smoke, night, the dark fortnight, the six months of the sun's southern course: going by this path, the yogi reaches the lunar light and returns.
8.26
शुक्लकृष्णे गती ह्येते जगतः शाश्वते मते ।
एकया यात्यनावृत्तिमन्ययाऽऽवर्तते पुनः ॥ ८.२६ ॥
These two paths of the world, the bright and the dark, are held to be eternal. By one a person goes to no return; by the other one returns again.
8.27
नैते सृती पार्थ जानन्योगी मुह्यति कश्चन ।
तस्मात्सर्वेषु कालेषु योगयुक्तो भवार्जुन ॥ ८.२७ ॥
Knowing these two paths, Pārtha, no yogi is ever deluded. Therefore, Arjuna, be steadfast in yoga at all times.
8.28
वेदेषु यज्ञेषु तपःसु चैव ।
दानेषु यत्पुण्यफलं प्रदिष्टम् ।
अत्येति तत्सर्वमिदं विदित्वा ।
योगी परं स्थानमुपैति चाद्यम् ॥ ८.२८ ॥
Whatever fruit of merit is declared for the Vedas, sacrifices, austerities and gifts, the yogi who knows this goes beyond it all and reaches the supreme, primal abode.