Bhagavad Gītā · Chapter 13
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13.1
प्रकृतिं पुरुषं चैव क्षेत्रं क्षेत्रज्ञमेव च ।
एतद्वेदितुमिच्छामि ज्ञानं ज्ञेयं च केशव ॥ १३.१ ॥
Arjuna said: Prakṛti and Puruṣa, the field and the knower of the field, knowledge and that which is to be known: these I wish to understand, Keśava.
13.2
इदं शरीरं कौन्तेय क्षेत्रमित्यभिधीयते ।
एतद्यो वेत्ति तं प्राहुः क्षेत्रज्ञ इति तद्विदः ॥ १३.२ ॥
The Lord said: This body, Kaunteya, is called the field. One who knows it is called the knower of the field by those who know these things.
13.3
क्षेत्रज्ञं चापि मां विद्धि सर्वक्षेत्रेषु भारत ।
क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञयोर्ज्ञानं यत्तज्ज्ञानं मतं मम ॥ १३.३ ॥
Know me also as the knower of the field in all fields, Bhārata. The knowledge of the field and its knower—that, in my view, is knowledge.
13.4
तत्क्षेत्रं यच्च यादृक् च यद्विकारि यतश्च यत् ।
स च यो यत्प्रभावश्च तत्समासेन मे शृणु ॥ १३.४ ॥
Hear from me in brief what that field is, what it is like, what its modifications are, and what arises from what; and who he is and what his powers are.
13.5
ऋषिभिर्बहुधा गीतं छन्दोभिर्विविधैः पृथक् ।
ब्रह्मसूत्रपदैश्चैव हेतुमद्भिर्विनिश्चितैः ॥ १३.५ ॥
It has been sung by the sages in many ways, separately in various hymns, and also in the words of the Brahma-sūtras, reasoned and conclusive.
13.6
महाभूतान्यहङ्कारो बुद्धिरव्यक्तमेव च ।
इन्द्रियाणि दशैकं च पञ्च चेन्द्रियगोचराः ॥ १३.६ ॥
The great elements, the ego, the intellect, and the unmanifest; the ten senses and the one (the mind), and the five objects of the senses;
13.7
इच्छा द्वेषः सुखं दुःखं सङ्घातश्चेतनाधृतिः ।
एतत्क्षेत्रं समासेन सविकारमुदाहृतम् ॥ १३.७ ॥
Desire, aversion, pleasure, pain, the aggregate, consciousness and steadiness: this, in brief, is described as the field together with its modifications.
13.8
अमानित्वमदम्भित्वमहिंसा क्षान्तिरार्जवम् ।
आचार्योपासनं शौचं स्थैर्यमात्मविनिग्रहः ॥ १३.८ ॥
Humility, unpretentiousness, non-violence, patience, uprightness, service to the teacher, purity, steadfastness, self-restraint;
13.9
इन्द्रियार्थेषु वैराग्यमनहङ्कार एव च ।
जन्ममृत्युजराव्याधिदुःखदोषानुदर्शनम् ॥ १३.९ ॥
dispassion toward the objects of the senses, and also absence of ego; seeing the evil of birth, death, old age, disease and pain;
13.10
असक्तिरनभिष्वङ्गः पुत्रदारगृहादिषु ।
नित्यं च समचित्तत्वमिष्टानिष्टोपपत्तिषु ॥ १३.१० ॥
non-attachment, absence of clinging to son, wife, home and the like, and constant even-mindedness amid desired and undesired events;
13.11
मयि चानन्ययोगेन भक्तिरव्यभिचारिणी ।
विविक्तदेशसेवित्वमरतिर्जनसंसदि ॥ १३.११ ॥
unwavering devotion to me through undivided yoga, resorting to secluded places, and no relish for the company of crowds;
13.12
अध्यात्मज्ञाननित्यत्वं तत्त्वज्ञानार्थदर्शनम् ।
एतज्ज्ञानमिति प्रोक्तमज्ञानं यदतोन्यथा ॥ १३.१२ ॥
constancy in knowledge of the Self and insight into the purpose of knowing the truth. This is declared to be knowledge; whatever is otherwise is ignorance.
13.13
ज्ञेयं यत्तत्प्रवक्ष्यामि यज्ज्ञात्वाऽमृतमश्नुते ।
अनादिमत्परं ब्रह्म न सत्तन्नासदुच्यते ॥ १३.१३ ॥
I will declare that which is to be known, knowing which one attains immortality: the beginningless supreme Brahman, which is said to be neither being nor non-being.
13.14
सर्वतः पाणिपादं तत्सर्वतोऽक्षिशिरोमुखम् ।
सर्वतः श्रुतिमल्लोके सर्वमावृत्य तिष्ठति ॥ १३.१४ ॥
With hands and feet everywhere, with eyes, heads and faces everywhere, with ears everywhere, it abides in the world, enveloping all.
13.15
सर्वेन्द्रियगुणाभासं सर्वेन्द्रियविवर्जितम् ।
असक्तं सर्वभृच्चैव निर्गुणं गुणभोक्तृ च ॥ १३.१५ ॥
It shines through the functions of all the senses, yet is free of all the senses; unattached, yet sustaining all; beyond the guṇas, yet experiencing the guṇas.
13.16
बहिरन्तश्च भूतानामचरं चरमेव च ।
सूक्ष्मत्वात्तदविज्ञेयं दूरस्थं चान्तिके च तत् ॥ १३.१६ ॥
It is outside and inside all beings, unmoving and moving; because it is subtle, it cannot be known; it is far away and also near.
13.17
अविभक्तं च भूतेषु विभक्तमिव च स्थितम् ।
भूतभर्तृ च तज्ज्ञेयं ग्रसिष्णु प्रभविष्णु च ॥ १३.१७ ॥
Undivided, it yet dwells in beings as if divided. It is to be known as the sustainer of beings, their devourer and their origin.
13.18
ज्योतिषामपि तज्ज्योतिस्तमसः परमुच्यते ।
ज्ञानं ज्ञेयं ज्ञानगम्यं हृदि सर्वस्य विष्ठितम् ॥ १३.१८ ॥
It is said to be the light even of lights, beyond darkness. It is knowledge, the object of knowledge and the goal of knowledge, seated in the heart of all.
13.19
इति क्षेत्रं तथा ज्ञानं ज्ञेयं चोक्तं समासतः ।
मद्भक्त एतद्विज्ञाय मद्भावायोपपद्यते ॥ १३.१९ ॥
Thus the field, as well as knowledge and the knowable, have been briefly described. My devotee, understanding this, attains My state of being.
13.20
प्रकृतिं पुरुषं चैव विद्ध्यनादी उभावपि ।
विकारांश्च गुणांश्चैव विद्धि प्रकृतिसंभवान् ॥ १३.२० ॥
Know that prakṛti and puruṣa are both beginningless, and know too that the modifications and the guṇas arise from prakṛti.
13.21
कार्यकारणकर्तृत्वे हेतुः प्रकृतिरुच्यते ।
पुरुषः सुखदुःखानां भोक्तृत्वे हेतुरुच्यते ॥ १३.२१ ॥
Prakṛti is said to be the cause in the producing of effects and instruments; puruṣa is said to be the cause in the experiencing of pleasure and pain.
13.22
पुरुषः प्रकृतिस्थो हि भुङ्क्ते प्रकृतिजान्गुणान् ।
कारणं गुणसङ्गोऽस्य सदसद्योनिजन्मसु ॥ १३.२२ ॥
Seated in prakṛti, the puruṣa experiences the guṇas born of prakṛti. Attachment to the guṇas is the cause of its births in good and evil wombs.
13.23
उपद्रष्टाऽनुमन्ता च भर्ता भोक्ता महेश्वरः ।
परमात्मेति चाप्युक्तो देहेऽस्मिन्पुरुषः परः ॥ १३.२३ ॥
The supreme Puruṣa in this body is also called the witness, the permitter, the supporter, the experiencer, the great Lord, and the supreme Self.
13.24
य एवं वेत्ति पुरुषं प्रकृतिं च गुणैःसह ।
सर्वथा वर्तमानोऽपि न स भूयोऽभिजायते ॥ १३.२४ ॥
One who thus knows puruṣa, and prakṛti together with the guṇas, is not born again, however he may live.
13.25
ध्यानेनात्मनि पश्यन्ति केचिदात्मानमात्मना ।
अन्ये सांख्येन योगेन कर्मयोगेन चापरे ॥ १३.२५ ॥
Some, through meditation, see the Self within themselves by the self; others through the yoga of Sāṃkhya, and still others through the yoga of action.
13.26
अन्ये त्वेवमजानन्तः श्रुत्वाऽन्येभ्य उपासते ।
तेऽपि चातितरन्त्येव मृत्युं श्रुतिपरायणाः ॥ १३.२६ ॥
Yet others, not knowing in this way, worship having heard from others; they too, devoted to what they have heard, certainly cross beyond death.
13.27
यावत्सञ्जायते किञ्चित्सत्त्वं स्थावरजङ्गमम् ।
क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञसंयोगात्तद्विद्धि भरतर्षभ ॥ १३.२७ ॥
Whatever being is born, unmoving or moving, know that it arises from the union of the field and the knower of the field, Bharatarṣabha.
13.28
समं सर्वेषु भूतेषु तिष्ठन्तं परमेश्वरम् ।
विनश्यत्स्वविनश्यन्तं यः पश्यति स पश्यति ॥ १३.२८ ॥
One who sees the Supreme Lord abiding equally in all beings, the imperishable within the perishing, truly sees.
13.29
समं पश्यन्हि सर्वत्र समवस्थितमीश्वरम् ।
न हिनस्त्यात्मनाऽऽत्मानं ततो याति परां गतिम् ॥ १३.२९ ॥
For, seeing the Lord equally established everywhere, one does not harm the self by the self; therefore one reaches the supreme goal.
13.30
प्रकृत्यैव च कर्माणि क्रियमाणानि सर्वशः ।
यः पश्यति तथाऽऽत्मानमकर्तारं स पश्यति ॥ १३.३० ॥
One who sees that all actions are performed in every way by prakṛti alone, and likewise sees the Self as not the doer, truly sees.
13.31
यदा भूतपृथग्भावमेकस्थमनुपश्यति ।
तत एव च विस्तारं ब्रह्म सम्पद्यते तदा ॥ १३.३१ ॥
When one sees the separate existence of beings as resting in the One, and their expansion from That alone, then one attains Brahman.
13.32
अनादित्वान्निर्गुणत्वात्परमात्मायमव्ययः ।
शरीरस्थोऽपि कौन्तेय न करोति न लिप्यते ॥ १३.३२ ॥
Being beginningless and beyond the guṇas, this imperishable Supreme Self, Kaunteya, though dwelling in the body, neither acts nor is tainted.
13.33
यथा सर्वगतं सौक्ष्म्यादाकाशं नोपलिप्यते ।
सर्वत्रावस्थितो देहे तथाऽऽत्मा नोपलिप्यते ॥ १३.३३ ॥
Just as all-pervading space, because of its subtlety, is not tainted, so the Self, present everywhere in the body, is not tainted.
13.34
यथा प्रकाशयत्येकः कृत्स्नं लोकमिमं रविः ।
क्षेत्रं क्षेत्री तथा कृत्स्नं प्रकाशयति भारत ॥ १३.३४ ॥
As the one sun illumines this whole world, so the master of the field illumines the whole field, Bhārata.
13.35
क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञयोरेवमन्तरं ज्ञानचक्षुषा ।
भूतप्रकृतिमोक्षं च ये विदुर्यान्ति ते परम् ॥ १३.३५ ॥
Those who, with the eye of knowledge, thus know the difference between the field and the knower of the field, and the liberation of beings from prakṛti, go to the Supreme.