Bhagavad Gītā · Chapter 4
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4.1
इमं विवस्वते योगं प्रोक्तवानहमव्ययम् ।
विवस्वान् मनवे प्राह मनुरिक्ष्वाकवेऽब्रवीत् ॥ ४.१ ॥
The Lord said: I taught this imperishable yoga to Vivasvān; Vivasvān told it to Manu, and Manu told it to Ikṣvāku.
4.2
एवं परम्पराप्राप्तमिमं राजर्षयो विदुः ।
स कालेनेह महता योगो नष्टः परन्तप ॥ ४.२ ॥
Thus received through succession, the royal sages knew it. But through a long passage of time, Parantapa, that yoga was lost here.
4.3
स एवायं मया तेऽद्य योगः प्रोक्तः पुरातनः ।
भक्तोऽसि मे सखा चेति रहस्यं ह्येतदुत्तमम् ॥ ४.३ ॥
That same ancient yoga I have declared to you today, for you are my devotee and my friend; this is indeed the supreme secret.
4.4
अपरं भवतो जन्म परं जन्म विवस्वतः ।
कथमेतद्विजानीयां त्वमादौ प्रोक्तवानिति ॥ ४.४ ॥
Arjuna said: Your birth was later, and the birth of Vivasvān was earlier. How am I to understand that you declared this in the beginning?
4.5
बहूनि मे व्यतीतानि जन्मानि तव चार्जुन ।
तान्यहं वेद सर्वाणि न त्वं वेत्थ परन्तप ॥ ४.५ ॥
The Lord said: Many births of mine have passed, and of yours too, Arjuna. I know them all, but you do not know them, Parantapa.
4.6
अजोऽपि सन्नव्ययात्मा भूतानामीश्वरोऽपि सन् ।
प्रकृतिं स्वामधिष्ठाय संभवाम्यात्ममायया ॥ ४.६ ॥
Though I am unborn and of imperishable self, and though I am the lord of all beings, governing my own nature, I come into being through my own māyā.
4.7
यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य ग्लानिर्भवति भारत ।
अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य तदाऽऽत्मानं सृजाम्यहम् ॥ ४.७ ॥
Whenever there is a decline of dharma, Bhārata, and a rise of adharma, then I bring myself forth.
4.8
परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम् ।
धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय संभवामि युगे युगे ॥ ४.८ ॥
To protect the good, to destroy evildoers, and to establish dharma, I come into being age after age.
4.9
जन्म कर्म च मे दिव्यमेवं यो वेत्ति तत्त्वतः ।
त्यक्त्वा देहं पुनर्जन्म नैति मामेति सोऽर्जुन ॥ ४.९ ॥
One who truly knows my divine birth and action in this way does not, on leaving the body, return to birth again; he comes to me, Arjuna.
4.10
वीतरागभयक्रोधा मन्मया मामुपाश्रिताः ।
बहवो ज्ञानतपसा पूता मद्भावमागताः ॥ ४.१० ॥
Freed from passion, fear and anger, absorbed in me, taking refuge in me, many, purified by the austerity of knowledge, have attained my state of being.
4.11
ये यथा मां प्रपद्यन्ते तांस्तथैव भजाम्यहम् ।
मम वर्त्मानुवर्तन्ते मनुष्याः पार्थ सर्वशः ॥ ४.११ ॥
As people approach me, so do I receive them, Pārtha. In every way, human beings follow my path.
4.12
काङ्क्षन्तः कर्मणां सिद्धिं यजन्त इह देवताः ।
क्षिप्रं हि मानुषे लोके सिद्धिर्भवति कर्मजा ॥ ४.१२ ॥
Desiring success in their actions, people here worship the gods, for in the human world success born of action comes quickly.
4.13
चातुर्वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागशः ।
तस्य कर्तारमपि मां विद्ध्यकर्तारमव्ययम् ॥ ४.१३ ॥
The fourfold order of varṇas was created by me according to the division of guṇas and actions. Though I am its maker, know me as the imperishable non-doer.
4.14
न मां कर्माणि लिम्पन्ति न मे कर्मफले स्पृहा ।
इति मां योऽभिजानाति कर्मभिर्न स बध्यते ॥ ४.१४ ॥
Actions do not taint me, nor do I long for the fruit of action. One who knows me thus is not bound by actions.
4.15
एवं ज्ञात्वा कृतं कर्म पूर्वैरपि मुमुक्षुभिः ।
कुरु कर्मैव तस्मात्त्वं पूर्वैः पूर्वतरं कृतम् ॥ ४.१५ ॥
Knowing this, even the seekers of liberation of old performed action. Therefore you too should simply act, as the ancients did in former times.
4.16
किं कर्म किमकर्मेति कवयोऽप्यत्र मोहिताः ।
तत्ते कर्म प्रवक्ष्यामि यज्ज्ञात्वा मोक्ष्यसेऽशुभात् ॥ ४.१६ ॥
What is action and what is inaction? Even the wise are bewildered here. I will explain to you that action, knowing which you will be freed from what is inauspicious.
4.17
कर्मणो ह्यपि बोद्धव्यं बोद्धव्यं च विकर्मणः ।
अकर्मणश्च बोद्धव्यं गहना कर्मणो गतिः ॥ ४.१७ ॥
One must understand what action is, one must understand wrong action, and one must understand inaction; for the way of action is hard to fathom.
4.18
कर्मण्यकर्म यः पश्येदकर्मणि च कर्म यः ।
स बुद्धिमान् मनुष्येषु स युक्तः कृत्स्नकर्मकृत् ॥ ४.१८ ॥
One who sees inaction in action and action in inaction is wise among human beings; he is steadfast in yoga and accomplishes all action.
4.19
यस्य सर्वे समारम्भाः कामसङ्कल्पवर्जिताः ।
ज्ञानाग्निदग्धकर्माणं तमाहुः पण्डितं बुधाः ॥ ४.१९ ॥
He whose every undertaking is free from desire and willful intent, whose actions have been burned in the fire of knowledge, the wise call learned.
4.20
त्यक्त्वा कर्मफलासङ्गं नित्यतृप्तो निराश्रयः ।
कर्मण्यभिप्रवृत्तोऽपि नैव किञ्चित्करोति सः ॥ ४.२० ॥
Having given up attachment to the fruit of action, ever content and dependent on nothing, though fully engaged in action, he does nothing at all.
4.21
निराशीर्यतचित्तात्मा त्यक्तसर्वपरिग्रहः ।
शारीरं केवलं कर्म कुर्वन्नाप्नोति किल्बिषम् ॥ ४.२१ ॥
Free from expectation, with mind and self restrained, having given up all possessions, performing action with the body alone, he incurs no sin.
4.22
यदृच्छालाभसन्तुष्टो द्वन्द्वातीतो विमत्सरः ।
समः सिद्धावसिद्धौ च कृत्वापि न निबध्यते ॥ ४.२२ ॥
Content with whatever comes unsought, beyond the pairs of opposites, free from envy, even-minded in success and failure, he is not bound even though he acts.
4.23
गतसङ्गस्य मुक्तस्य ज्ञानावस्थितचेतसः ।
यज्ञायाचरतः कर्म समग्रं प्रविलीयते ॥ ४.२३ ॥
For one whose attachment is gone, who is free, whose mind is established in knowledge, and who acts for the sake of sacrifice, all action dissolves completely.
4.24
ब्रह्मार्पणं ब्रह्महविर्ब्रह्माग्नौ ब्रह्मणा हुतम् ।
ब्रह्मैव तेन गन्तव्यं ब्रह्मकर्मसमाधिना ॥ ४.२४ ॥
The offering is Brahman, the oblation is Brahman, poured by Brahman into the fire of Brahman; Brahman alone is to be reached by one absorbed in Brahman through action.
4.25
दैवमेवापरे यज्ञं योगिनः पर्युपासते ।
ब्रह्माग्नावपरे यज्ञं यज्ञेनैवोपजुह्वति ॥ ४.२५ ॥
Some yogis worship only the sacrifice offered to the gods; others offer sacrifice itself, by means of sacrifice, into the fire of Brahman.
4.26
श्रोत्रादीनीन्द्रियाण्यन्ये संयमाग्निषु जुह्वति ।
शब्दादीन्विषयानन्य इन्द्रियाग्निषु जुह्वति ॥ ४.२६ ॥
Others offer hearing and the other senses into the fires of restraint; still others offer sound and the other sense objects into the fires of the senses.
4.27
सर्वाणीन्द्रियकर्माणि प्राणकर्माणि चापरे ।
आत्मसंयमयोगाग्नौ जुह्वति ज्ञानदीपिते ॥ ४.२७ ॥
Others offer all the actions of the senses and the actions of the vital breath into the fire of the yoga of self-restraint, kindled by knowledge.
4.28
द्रव्ययज्ञास्तपोयज्ञा योगयज्ञास्तथापरे ।
स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च यतयः संशितव्रताः ॥ ४.२८ ॥
Some offer material possessions as sacrifice, some austerity, and others yoga; and ascetics of strict vows offer the study of scripture and knowledge as sacrifice.
4.29
अपाने जुह्वति प्राण प्राणेऽपानं तथाऽपरे ।
प्राणापानगती रुद्ध्वा प्राणायामपरायणाः ॥ ४.२९ ॥
Likewise others, devoted to breath control, restrain the movements of prāṇa and apāna and offer prāṇa into apāna and apāna into prāṇa.
4.30
अपरे नियताहाराः प्राणान्प्राणेषु जुह्वति ।
सर्वेऽप्येते यज्ञविदो यज्ञक्षपितकल्मषाः ॥ ४.३० ॥
Others, regulating their food, offer the vital breaths into the vital breaths. All of these are knowers of sacrifice, their impurities destroyed by sacrifice.
4.31
यज्ञशिष्टामृतभुजो यान्ति ब्रह्म सनातनम् ।
नायं लोकोऽस्त्ययज्ञस्य कुतो़ऽन्यः कुरुसत्तम ॥ ४.३१ ॥
Those who eat the nectar left over from sacrifice reach the eternal Brahman. This world is not for one who offers no sacrifice; how then the other, best of the Kurus?
4.32
एवं बहुविधा यज्ञा वितता ब्रह्मणो मुखे ।
कर्मजान्विद्धि तान्सर्वानेवं ज्ञात्वा विमोक्ष्यसे ॥ ४.३२ ॥
Thus many kinds of sacrifice are spread out in the mouth of Brahman. Know them all to be born of action; knowing this, you will be set free.
4.33
श्रेयान्द्रव्यमयाद्यज्ञाज्ज्ञानयज्ञः परन्तप ।
सर्वं कर्माखिलं पार्थ ज्ञाने परिसमाप्यते ॥ ४.३३ ॥
Better than sacrifice made of material things is the sacrifice of knowledge, Parantapa. All action without exception, Pārtha, culminates in knowledge.
4.34
तद्विद्धि प्रणिपातेन परिप्रश्नेन सेवया ।
उपदेक्ष्यन्ति ते ज्ञानं ज्ञानिनस्तत्त्वदर्शिनः ॥ ४.३४ ॥
Learn that by bowing down, by questioning, and by service. The wise who have seen the truth will teach you knowledge.
4.35
यज्ज्ञात्वा न पुनर्मोहमेवं यास्यसि पाण्डव ।
येन भूतान्यशेषेण द्रक्ष्यस्यात्मन्यथो मयि ॥ ४.३५ ॥
Knowing that, Pāṇḍava, you will not fall into delusion like this again; by it you will see all beings without exception in the Self, and then in me.
4.36
अपि चेदसि पापेभ्यः सर्वेभ्यः पापकृत्तमः ।
सर्वं ज्ञानप्लवेनैव वृजिनं सन्तरिष्यसि ॥ ४.३६ ॥
Even if you were the worst sinner among all sinners, you would cross over all wrongdoing by the raft of knowledge alone.
4.37
यथैधांसि समिद्धोऽग्निर्भस्मसात्कुरुतेऽर्जुन ।
ज्ञानाग्निः सर्वकर्माणि भस्मसात्कुरुते तथा ॥ ४.३७ ॥
Just as a blazing fire reduces fuel to ashes, Arjuna, so the fire of knowledge reduces all actions to ashes.
4.38
न हि ज्ञानेन सदृशं पवित्रमिह विद्यते ।
तत्स्वयं योगसंसिद्धः कालेनात्मनि विन्दति ॥ ४.३८ ॥
Truly, nothing in this world purifies like knowledge. One who is perfected in yoga finds it, in time, within oneself.
4.39
श्रद्धावाँल्लभते ज्ञानं तत्परः संयतेन्द्रियः ।
ज्ञानं लब्ध्वा परां शान्तिमचिरेणाधिगच्छति ॥ ४.३९ ॥
One who has faith, who is devoted to it and has mastered the senses, gains knowledge; having gained knowledge, one soon attains supreme peace.
4.40
अज्ञश्चाश्रद्दधानश्च संशयात्मा विनश्यति ।
नायं लोकोऽस्ति न परो न सुखं संशयात्मनः ॥ ४.४० ॥
The ignorant, the faithless and the one whose mind is full of doubt perish. For the doubter there is neither this world, nor the next, nor happiness.
4.41
योगसंन्यस्तकर्माणं ज्ञानसंछिन्नसंशयम् ।
आत्मवन्तं न कर्माणि निबध्नन्ति धनञ्जय ॥ ४.४१ ॥
Actions do not bind one who has renounced actions through yoga, whose doubts are cut away by knowledge, and who is self-possessed, Dhanañjaya.
4.42
तस्मादज्ञानसंभूतं हृत्स्थं ज्ञानासिनाऽऽत्मनः ।
छित्त्वैनं संशयं योगमातिष्ठोत्तिष्ठ भारत ॥ ४.४२ ॥
Therefore, cutting with the sword of knowledge this doubt of yours, born of ignorance and dwelling in the heart, take your stand in yoga. Arise, Bhārata!