Bhagavad Gītā · Chapter 2
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2.1
तं तथा कृपयाऽविष्टमश्रुपूर्णाकुलेक्षणम् ।
विषीदन्तमिदं वाक्यमुवाच मधुसूदनः ॥ २.१ ॥
Sañjaya said: To him, overcome with pity, his troubled eyes full of tears, sunk in despair, Kṛṣṇa spoke these words.
2.2
कुतस्त्वा कश्मलमिदं विषमे समुपस्थितम् ।
अनार्यजुष्टमस्वर्ग्यमकीर्तिकरमर्जुन ॥ २.२ ॥
The Lord said: Where has this faintness of heart come from, Arjuna, at such a moment of crisis? It does not befit a noble person; it leads neither to heaven nor to honour.
2.3
क्लैब्यं मा स्म गमः पार्थ नैतत्त्वय्युपपद्यते ।
क्षुद्रं हृदयदौर्बल्यं त्यक्त्वोत्तिष्ठ परन्तप ॥ २.३ ॥
Do not give in to this faint-heartedness, Pārtha; it does not become you. Cast off this petty weakness of heart and stand up, scorcher of foes.
2.4
कथं भीष्ममहं संख्ये द्रोणं च मधुसूदन ।
इषुभिः प्रतियोत्स्यामि पूजार्हावरिसूदन ॥ २.४ ॥
Arjuna said: How can I fight Bhīṣma and Droṇa in battle with arrows, Madhusūdana, when both are worthy of my worship, slayer of foes?
2.5
गुरूनहत्वा हि महानुभावान् ।
श्रेयो भोक्तुं भैक्ष्यमपीह लोके ।
हत्वार्थकामांस्तु गुरूनिहैव ।
भुञ्जीय भोगान् रुधिरप्रदिग्धान् ॥ २.५ ॥
Better in this world to live even on alms than to kill these noble teachers. If I killed them, however much they seek their own gain, every pleasure I enjoyed here would be smeared with blood.
2.6
न चैतद्विद्मः कतरन्नो गरीयो ।
यद्वा जयेम यदि वा नो जयेयुः ।
यानेव हत्वा न जिजीविषाम ।
स्तेऽवस्थिताः प्रमुखे धार्तराष्ट्राः ॥ २.६ ॥
Nor do we know which is better: that we conquer them, or that they conquer us. The sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra stand before us, the very people after whose death we would not wish to live.
2.7
कार्पण्यदोषोपहतस्वभावः ।
पृच्छामि त्वां धर्मसंमूढचेताः ।
यच्छ्रेयः स्यान्निश्चितं ब्रूहि तन्मे ।
शिष्यस्तेऽहं शाधि मां त्वां प्रपन्नम् ॥ २.७ ॥
My nature is overcome by weakness and my mind is confused about what dharma asks. I ask you: tell me for certain what is better for me. I am your disciple; teach me, for I have come to you for refuge.
2.8
न हि प्रपश्यामि ममापनुद्या ।
द्यच्छोकमुच्छोषणमिन्द्रियाणाम् ।
अवाप्य भूमावसपत्नमृद्धम् ।
राज्यं सुराणामपि चाधिपत्यम् ॥ २.८ ॥
I see nothing that could take away this grief that dries up my senses, not even an unrivalled, prosperous kingdom on earth, nor lordship over the gods.
2.9
एवमुक्त्वा हृषीकेशं गुडाकेशः परन्तप ।
न योत्स्य इति गोविन्दमुक्त्वा तूष्णीं बभूव ह ॥ २.९ ॥
Sañjaya said: Having spoken thus to Kṛṣṇa, Arjuna, the conqueror of sleep, said to Govinda, 'I will not fight', and fell silent.
2.10
तमुवाच हृषीकेशः प्रहसन्निव भारत ।
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये विषीदन्तमिदं वचः ॥ २.१० ॥
Then, O Bhārata, between the two armies, Kṛṣṇa, as if smiling, spoke these words to the despairing Arjuna.
2.11
अशोच्यानन्वशोचस्त्वं प्रज्ञावादांश्च भाषसे ।
गतासूनगतासूंश्च नानुशोचन्ति पण्डिताः ॥ २.११ ॥
The Lord said: You grieve for those who need no grief, and yet you speak words that sound wise. The wise grieve neither for the dead nor for the living.
2.12
न त्वेवाहं जातु नासं न त्वं नेमे जनाधिपाः ।
न चैव न भविष्यामः सर्वे वयमतः परम् ॥ २.१२ ॥
Never was there a time when I did not exist, nor you, nor these kings; nor will any of us ever cease to be hereafter.
2.13
देहिनोऽस्मिन्यथा देहे कौमारं यौवनं जरा ।
तथा देहान्तरप्राप्तिर्धीरस्तत्र न मुह्यति ॥ २.१३ ॥
Just as the embodied self passes through childhood, youth and old age in this body, so it passes into another body. The steady one is not bewildered by this.
2.14
मात्रास्पर्शास्तु कौन्तेय शीतोष्णसुखदुःखदाः ।
आगमापायिनोऽनित्यास्तांस्तितिक्षस्व भारत ॥ २.१४ ॥
The touch of the senses on their objects brings cold and heat, pleasure and pain, son of Kuntī. They come and go; they do not last. Bear them patiently, Bhārata.
2.15
यं हि न व्यथयन्त्येते पुरुषं पुरुषर्षभ ।
समदुःखसुखं धीरं सोऽमृतत्वाय कल्पते ॥ २.१५ ॥
The steady person whom these do not disturb, best of men, who is the same in pain and pleasure, is fit for immortality.
2.16
नासतो विद्यते भावो नाभावो विद्यते सतः ।
उभयोरपि दृष्टोऽन्तस्त्वनयोस्तत्त्वदर्शिभिः ॥ २.१६ ॥
The unreal never comes to be; the real never ceases to be. Those who see the truth have seen the final word on both.
2.17
अविनाशि तु तद्विद्धि येन सर्वमिदं ततम् ।
विनाशमव्ययस्यास्य न कश्चित् कर्तुमर्हति ॥ २.१७ ॥
Know that to be indestructible by which all this is pervaded. No one can bring about the destruction of the imperishable.
2.18
अन्तवन्त इमे देहा नित्यस्योक्ताः शरीरिणः ।
अनाशिनोऽप्रमेयस्य तस्माद्युध्यस्व भारत ॥ २.१८ ॥
These bodies of the eternal, indestructible, immeasurable embodied self are said to have an end. Therefore fight, Bhārata.
2.19
य एनं वेत्ति हन्तारं यश्चैनं मन्यते हतम् ।
उभौ तौ न विजानीतो नायं हन्ति न हन्यते ॥ २.१९ ॥
One who thinks the self a slayer, and one who thinks it slain, both fail to understand. It does not slay, nor is it slain.
2.20
न जायते म्रियते वा कदाचि ।
न्नायं भूत्वा भविता वा न भूयः ।
अजो नित्यः शाश्वतोऽयं पुराणो ।
न हन्यते हन्यमाने शरीरे ॥ २.२० ॥
It is never born, nor does it ever die; having been, it will never cease to be. Unborn, eternal, everlasting and ancient, it is not slain when the body is slain.
2.21
वेदाविनाशिनं नित्यं य एनमजमव्ययम् ।
कथं स पुरुषः पार्थ कं घातयति हन्ति कम् ॥ २.२१ ॥
One who knows it to be indestructible, eternal, unborn and imperishable, Pārtha: how can such a person kill anyone, or cause anyone to kill?
2.22
वासांसि जीर्णानि यथा विहाय ।
नवानि गृह्णाति नरोऽपराणि ।
तथा शरीराणि विहाय जीर्णा ।
न्यन्यानि संयाति नवानि देही ॥ २.२२ ॥
As a person casts off worn-out clothes and puts on others that are new, so the embodied self casts off worn-out bodies and enters others that are new.
2.23
नैनं छिन्दन्ति शस्त्राणि नैनं दहति पावकः ।
न चैनं क्लेदयन्त्यापो न शोषयति मारुतः ॥ २.२३ ॥
Weapons do not cut it, fire does not burn it, water does not wet it, and wind does not dry it.
2.24
अच्छेद्योऽयमदाह्योऽयमक्लेद्योऽशोष्य एव च ।
नित्यः सर्वगतः स्थाणुरचलोऽयं सनातनः ॥ २.२४ ॥
It cannot be cut, burnt, wetted or dried. It is eternal, all-pervading, stable, unmoving and primeval.
2.25
अव्यक्तोऽयमचिन्त्योऽयमविकार्योऽयमुच्यते ।
तस्मादेवं विदित्वैनं नानुशोचितुमर्हसि ॥ २.२५ ॥
It is called unmanifest, unthinkable and unchanging. Knowing it to be so, you should not grieve.
2.26
अथ चैनं नित्यजातं नित्यं वा मन्यसे मृतम् ।
तथापि त्वं महाबाहो नैवं शोचितुमर्हसि ॥ २.२६ ॥
And even if you think of it as constantly being born and constantly dying, even then, mighty-armed one, you should not grieve.
2.27
जातस्य हि ध्रुवो मृत्युर्ध्रुवं जन्म मृतस्य च ।
तस्मादपरिहार्येऽर्थे न त्वं शोचितुमर्हसि ॥ २.२७ ॥
For one who is born, death is certain; for one who dies, birth is certain. You should not grieve over what cannot be avoided.
2.28
अव्यक्तादीनि भूतानि व्यक्तमध्यानि भारत ।
अव्यक्तनिधनान्येव तत्र का परिदेवना ॥ २.२८ ॥
Beings are unmanifest in their beginning, manifest in their middle, and unmanifest again in their end, Bhārata. What is there to lament?
2.29
आश्चर्यवत्पश्यति कश्चिदेन ।
माश्चर्यवद्वदति तथैव चान्यः ।
आश्चर्यवच्चैनमन्यः शृणोति ।
श्रुत्वाप्येनं वेद न चैव कश्चित् ॥ २.२९ ॥
Someone sees it as a wonder; another speaks of it as a wonder; another hears of it as a wonder; and even having heard of it, no one truly knows it.
2.30
देही नित्यमवध्योऽयं देहे सर्वस्य भारत ।
तस्मात्सर्वाणि भूतानि न त्वं शोचितुमर्हसि ॥ २.३० ॥
The self that dwells in every body can never be slain, Bhārata. So you should not grieve for any being.
2.31
स्वधर्ममपि चावेक्ष्य न विकम्पितुमर्हसि ।
धर्म्याद्धि युद्धाच्छ्रेयोऽन्यत्क्षत्रियस्य न विद्यते ॥ २.३१ ॥
Considering your own duty as well, you should not waver. For a warrior there is nothing better than a battle fought for what is right.
2.32
यदृच्छया चोपपन्नं स्वर्गद्वारमपावृतम् ।
सुखिनः क्षत्रियाः पार्थ लभन्ते युद्धमीदृशम् ॥ २.३२ ॥
Fortunate are the warriors, Pārtha, who meet such a battle, come to them unsought: it is a gate to heaven flung open.
2.33
अथ चेत्त्वमिमं धर्म्यं संग्रामं न करिष्यसि ।
ततः स्वधर्मं कीर्तिं च हित्वा पापमवाप्स्यसि ॥ २.३३ ॥
But if you will not fight this righteous battle, then, abandoning your own duty and your honour, you will incur sin.
2.34
अकीर्तिं चापि भूतानि कथयिष्यन्ति तेऽव्ययाम् ।
संभावितस्य चाकीर्तिर्मरणादतिरिच्यते ॥ २.३४ ॥
People will speak of your disgrace for ever; and for one who has been honoured, disgrace is worse than death.
2.35
भयाद्रणादुपरतं मंस्यन्ते त्वां महारथाः ।
येषां च त्वं बहुमतो भूत्वा यास्यसि लाघवम् ॥ २.३५ ॥
The great chariot-warriors will think you withdrew from battle out of fear, and those who held you in high esteem will think little of you.
2.36
अवाच्यवादांश्च बहून् वदिष्यन्ति तवाहिताः ।
निन्दन्तस्तव सामर्थ्यं ततो दुःखतरं नु किम् ॥ २.३६ ॥
Your enemies will say many unspeakable things, deriding your skill. What could be more painful than that?
2.37
हतो वा प्राप्स्यसि स्वर्गं जित्वा वा भोक्ष्यसे महीम् ।
तस्मादुत्तिष्ठ कौन्तेय युद्धाय कृतनिश्चयः ॥ २.३७ ॥
Slain, you will reach heaven; victorious, you will enjoy the earth. So rise, son of Kuntī, resolved to fight.
2.38
सुखदुःखे समे कृत्वा लाभालाभौ जयाजयौ ।
ततो युद्धाय युज्यस्व नैवं पापमवाप्स्यसि ॥ २.३८ ॥
Treating pleasure and pain, gain and loss, victory and defeat alike, engage in battle. So you will incur no sin.
2.39
एषा तेऽभिहिता सांख्ये बुद्धिर्योगे त्विमां शृणु ।
बुद्ध्यायुक्तो यया पार्थ कर्मबन्धं प्रहास्यसि ॥ २.३९ ॥
This understanding has been taught to you in terms of Sāṅkhya, knowledge. Now hear it in terms of yoga. Joined with this understanding, Pārtha, you will cast off the bondage of action.
2.40
नेहाभिक्रमनाशोऽस्ति प्रत्यवायो न विद्यते ।
स्वल्पमप्यस्य धर्मस्य त्रायते महतो भयात् ॥ २.४० ॥
On this path no effort is ever lost and no harm results. Even a little of this practice protects one from great fear.
2.41
व्यवसायात्मिका बुद्धिरेकेह कुरुनन्दन ।
बहुशाखा ह्यनन्ताश्च बुद्धयोऽव्यवसायिनाम् ॥ २.४१ ॥
Here the resolute understanding is single and focused, joy of the Kurus; but the thoughts of the irresolute are many-branched and endless.
2.42
यामिमां पुष्पितां वाचं प्रवदन्त्यविपश्चितः ।
वेदवादरताः पार्थ नान्यदस्तीति वादिनः ॥ २.४२ ॥
The unwise, delighting in the letter of the Vedas, speak flowery words, Pārtha, saying there is nothing beyond this.
2.43
कामात्मानः स्वर्गपरा जन्मकर्मफलप्रदाम् ।
क्रियाविशेषबहुलां भोगैश्वर्यगतिं प्रति ॥ २.४३ ॥
Full of desire and intent on heaven, they speak of many special rites aimed at pleasure and power, which bring rebirth as the fruit of action.
2.44
भोगैश्वर्यप्रसक्तानां तयापहृतचेतसाम् ।
व्यवसायात्मिका बुद्धिः समाधौ न विधीयते ॥ २.४४ ॥
For those attached to pleasure and power, whose minds are carried away by such talk, the resolute understanding does not settle in deep absorption.
2.45
त्रैगुण्यविषया वेदा निस्त्रैगुण्यो भवार्जुन ।
निर्द्वन्द्वो नित्यसत्त्वस्थो निर्योगक्षेम आत्मवान् ॥ २.४५ ॥
The Vedas deal with the three guṇas. Rise above the three guṇas, Arjuna: free from the pairs of opposites, ever steady in purity, unconcerned with getting and keeping, established in the self.
2.46
यावानर्थ उदपाने सर्वतः संप्लुतोदके ।
तावान्सर्वेषु वेदेषु ब्राह्मणस्य विजानतः ॥ २.४६ ॥
As much use as there is in a small well when water floods on every side, so much is there in all the Vedas for one who truly knows Brahman.
2.47
कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन ।
मा कर्मफलहेतुर्भूर्मा ते सङ्गोऽस्त्वकर्मणि ॥ २.४७ ॥
You have a right to your actions alone, never to their fruits. Do not let the fruit of action be your motive, nor be attached to inaction.
2.48
योगस्थः कुरु कर्माणि सङ्गं त्यक्त्वा धनञ्जय ।
सिद्ध्यसिद्ध्योः समो भूत्वा समत्वं योग उच्यते ॥ २.४८ ॥
Steadfast in yoga, perform your actions, Dhanañjaya, giving up attachment and remaining even-minded in success and failure. This evenness of mind is called yoga.
2.49
दूरेण ह्यवरं कर्म बुद्धियोगाद्धनञ्जय ।
बुद्धौ शरणमन्विच्छ कृपणाः फलहेतवः ॥ २.४९ ॥
Action done for its fruits is far inferior to the yoga of understanding, Dhanañjaya. Take refuge in understanding. Pitiable are those whose motive is the fruit.
2.50
बुद्धियुक्तो जहातीह उभे सुकृतदुष्कृते ।
तस्माद्योगाय युज्यस्व योगः कर्मसु कौशलम् ॥ २.५० ॥
One joined with understanding casts off both good and bad deeds here in this life. So devote yourself to yoga: yoga is skill in action.
2.51
कर्मजं बुद्धियुक्ता हि फलं त्यक्त्वा मनीषिणः ।
जन्मबन्धविनिर्मुक्ताः पदं गच्छन्त्यनामयम् ॥ २.५१ ॥
The wise, joined with understanding, give up the fruit born of action; freed from the bondage of birth, they reach the state beyond all sorrow.
2.52
यदा ते मोहकलिलं बुद्धिर्व्यतितरिष्यति ।
तदा गन्तासि निर्वेदं श्रोतव्यस्य श्रुतस्य च ॥ २.५२ ॥
When your understanding crosses beyond the thicket of delusion, you will become indifferent to all that has been heard and all that is yet to be heard.
2.53
श्रुतिविप्रतिपन्ना ते यदा स्थास्यति निश्चला ।
समाधावचला बुद्धिस्तदा योगमवाप्स्यसि ॥ २.५३ ॥
When your understanding, now bewildered by conflicting teachings, stands unmoving and steady in absorption, then you will attain yoga.
2.54
स्थितप्रज्ञस्य का भाषा समाधिस्थस्य केशव ।
स्थितधीः किं प्रभाषेत किमासीत व्रजेत किम् ॥ २.५४ ॥
Arjuna said: What marks the one whose wisdom is steady, who is established in absorption, Keśava? How does such a person speak, how sit, how walk?
2.55
प्रजहाति यदा कामान् सर्वान् पार्थ मनोगतान् ।
आत्मन्येवात्मना तुष्टः स्थितप्रज्ञस्तदोच्यते ॥ २.५५ ॥
The Lord said: When one gives up all the desires that arise in the mind, Pārtha, and is content in the self by the self alone, then one is called steady in wisdom.
2.56
दुःखेष्वनुद्विग्नमनाः सुखेषु विगतस्पृहः ।
वीतरागभयक्रोधः स्थितधीर्मुनिरुच्यते ॥ २.५६ ॥
One whose mind is not shaken in sorrow, who has no craving in pleasure, who is free from attachment, fear and anger, is called a sage of steady mind.
2.57
यः सर्वत्रानभिस्नेहस्तत्तत्प्राप्य शुभाशुभम् ।
नाभिनन्दति न द्वेष्टि तस्य प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठिता ॥ २.५७ ॥
One who is unattached everywhere, who neither rejoices nor recoils on meeting good or bad, has wisdom firmly established.
2.58
यदा संहरते चायं कूर्मोऽङ्गानीव सर्वशः ।
इन्द्रियाणीन्द्रियार्थेभ्यस्तस्य प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठिता ॥ २.५८ ॥
When one withdraws the senses from their objects on every side, as a tortoise draws in its limbs, then that one's wisdom is firmly established.
2.59
विषया विनिवर्तन्ते निराहारस्य देहिनः ।
रसवर्जं रसोऽप्यस्य परं दृष्ट्वा निवर्तते ॥ २.५९ ॥
Sense objects fall away from one who abstains from them, but the taste for them remains. Even that taste falls away once the Supreme is seen.
2.60
यततो ह्यपि कौन्तेय पुरुषस्य विपश्चितः ।
इन्द्रियाणि प्रमाथीनि हरन्ति प्रसभं मनः ॥ २.६० ॥
Even when a discerning person strives, son of Kuntī, the turbulent senses forcibly carry away the mind.
2.61
तानि सर्वाणि संयम्य युक्त आसीत मत्परः ।
वशे हि यस्येन्द्रियाणि तस्य प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठिता ॥ २.६१ ॥
Restraining all the senses, one should sit disciplined, intent on Me. The one whose senses are under control has wisdom firmly established.
2.62
ध्यायतो विषयान्पुंसः सङ्गस्तेषूपजायते ।
सङ्गात् संजायते कामः कामात्क्रोधोऽभिजायते ॥ २.६२ ॥
When a person dwells on the objects of the senses, attachment to them arises. From attachment desire is born, and from desire comes anger.
2.63
क्रोधाद्भवति संमोहः संमोहात्स्मृतिविभ्रमः ।
स्मृतिभ्रंशाद् बुद्धिनाशो बुद्धिनाशात्प्रणश्यति ॥ २.६३ ॥
From anger comes delusion; from delusion, confusion of memory; from loss of memory, the ruin of understanding; and with the ruin of understanding, one is lost.
2.64
रागद्वेषवियुक्तैस्तु विषयानिन्द्रियैश्चरन् ।
आत्मवश्यैर्विधेयात्मा प्रसादमधिगच्छति ॥ २.६४ ॥
But the self-disciplined person, moving among sense objects with senses free from liking and disliking and held under the self's control, attains serenity.
2.65
प्रसादे सर्वदुःखानां हानिरस्योपजायते ।
प्रसन्नचेतसो ह्याशु बुद्धिः पर्यवतिष्ठते ॥ २.६५ ॥
In serenity all sorrows come to an end, for the understanding of the serene-minded quickly becomes steady.
2.66
नास्ति बुद्धिरयुक्तस्य न चायुक्तस्य भावना ।
न चाभावयतः शान्तिरशान्तस्य कुतः सुखम् ॥ २.६६ ॥
The undisciplined have no understanding and no contemplation. Without contemplation there is no peace, and without peace, where is happiness?
2.67
इन्द्रियाणां हि चरतां यन्मनोऽनुविधीयते ।
तदस्य हरति प्रज्ञां वायुर्नावमिवाम्भसि ॥ २.६७ ॥
When the mind follows any one of the wandering senses, that sense carries away one's wisdom, as the wind carries away a boat on the water.
2.68
तस्माद्यस्य महाबाहो निगृहीतानि सर्वशः ।
इन्द्रियाणीन्द्रियार्थेभ्यस्तस्य प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठिता ॥ २.६८ ॥
Therefore, mighty-armed one, the one whose senses are fully restrained from their objects has wisdom firmly established.
2.69
या निशा सर्वभूतानां तस्यां जागर्ति संयमी ।
यस्यां जाग्रति भूतानि सा निशा पश्यतो मुनेः ॥ २.६९ ॥
What is night for all beings is where the self-controlled is awake; and where beings are awake is night for the sage who truly sees.
2.70
आपूर्यमाणमचलप्रतिष्ठं ।
समुद्रमापः प्रविशन्ति यद्वत् ।
तद्वत्कामा यं प्रविशन्ति सर्वे ।
स शान्तिमाप्नोति न कामकामी ॥ २.७० ॥
As waters flow into the ocean, which is ever being filled yet stays unmoved in its depth, so the one into whom all desires flow attains peace, not the one who craves them.
2.71
विहाय कामान्यः सर्वान्पुमांश्चरति निःस्पृहः ।
निर्ममो निरहंकारः स शांतिमधिगच्छति ॥ २.७१ ॥
The person who gives up all desires and moves about free from longing, without the sense of 'mine' and without ego, attains peace.
2.72
एषा ब्राह्मी स्थितिः पार्थ नैनां प्राप्य विमुह्यति ।
स्थित्वाऽस्यामन्तकालेऽपि ब्रह्मनिर्वाणमृच्छति ॥ २.७२ ॥
This is the state of Brahman, Pārtha. Having reached it, one is no longer deluded. Abiding in it even at the hour of death, one attains the peace of Brahman.